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Acute Coronary Syndrome

Updated : January 4, 2023





Background

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Etiology

Genetics

Prognostic Factors

Clinical History

Physical Examination

Age group

Associated comorbidity

Associated activity

Acuity of presentation

Differential Diagnoses

Laboratory Studies

Imaging Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

Staging

Treatment Paradigm

by Stage

by Modality

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgical Interventions

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Hyperthermia

Photodynamic Therapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Targeted Therapy

Palliative Care

Medication

 

ticagrelor

Loading dose (following ACS event): 180 mg orally, single dose
The maintenance dose (for 1st 12 months after diagnosis): 90 mg orally two times
The maintenance dose (after 12 months from diagnosis): 60 mg orally two times
Also, continue with aspirin 75-100 mg



tirofiban 

25

mcg/kg

Solution

Intravenous (IV)

5

minutes



eptifibatide 

180

mcg/kg

Solution

Intravenous (IV)

1 - 2

minutes

Later, 2 mcg/kg/min intravenously for 72 hours



prasugrel 

Initial dose
:

60

mg

Tablet

Orally 

once a day


Maintenance dose: 10mg/day orally combined with 81-325mg/day aspirin



clopidogrel 

Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
Loading dose:

300

mg

Tablet

Orally 

every day


Maintenance dose: 75 mg orally daily

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Loading dose: 300 mg orally daily
Maintenance dose: 75 mg orally daily with/without thrombolytics



heparin 

PCI
Without the GPIIb or IIIa inhibitor: 70 to 100 unit/kg Intravenous bolus initially
With GPIIb or IIIa inhibitor: 50 to 70 units/kg Intravenous bolus initially
STEMI
Patient who are on fibrinolytics: IV bolus of 60 units/kg (maximum: 4000 units), following 12 units/kg in hour as continuous IV infusion (max 1000 units/hr)
The dose must be adjusted to keep the aPTT between 50 to 70 seconds
NSTEMI/Unstable Angina
6 to 70 units/kg intravenous bolus initially (maximum: 5000 units), following 12-15 units/kg in hour intravenous infusion initially (maximum: 1000 units/hr)
The dose must be adjusted to keep the aPTT between 50 to 70 secs
Dosing considerations
There are several concentrations available; extreme caution is necessary to prevent a medication error



nadroparin 

Administer initial dose of 86 anti-Xa units/kg intravenously once bolus and the maximum dose not more than 9500 anti-Xa units
Fixed dosing:
<50 kg: dose of 3800 anti-Xa units once intravenous bolus
≥100 kg: dose of 9500 anti-Xa units once intravenous bolus
Administer maintenance dose of 86 anti-Xa units/kg subcutaneously each 12 hours and the maximum total daily dose not more than 19000 anti-Xa units
Fixed dosing:
<50 kg: dose of 3800 anti-Xa units subcutaneously each 12 hours
≥100 kg: dose of 9500 anti-Xa units subcutaneously each 12 hours



 
 

prasugrel 

Acute Coronary Syndrome
<75 years:
Loading dose: 60mg orally
Maintenance dose: 10mg/day orally combined with 81-325mg/day aspirin
>75 years:
Not recommended due to intracranial bleeding



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References

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Acute Coronary Syndrome

Updated : January 4, 2023




ticagrelor

Loading dose (following ACS event): 180 mg orally, single dose
The maintenance dose (for 1st 12 months after diagnosis): 90 mg orally two times
The maintenance dose (after 12 months from diagnosis): 60 mg orally two times
Also, continue with aspirin 75-100 mg



tirofiban 

25

mcg/kg

Solution

Intravenous (IV)

5

minutes



eptifibatide 

180

mcg/kg

Solution

Intravenous (IV)

1 - 2

minutes

Later, 2 mcg/kg/min intravenously for 72 hours



prasugrel 

Initial dose
:

60

mg

Tablet

Orally 

once a day


Maintenance dose: 10mg/day orally combined with 81-325mg/day aspirin



clopidogrel 

Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
Loading dose:

300

mg

Tablet

Orally 

every day


Maintenance dose: 75 mg orally daily

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
Loading dose: 300 mg orally daily
Maintenance dose: 75 mg orally daily with/without thrombolytics



heparin 

PCI
Without the GPIIb or IIIa inhibitor: 70 to 100 unit/kg Intravenous bolus initially
With GPIIb or IIIa inhibitor: 50 to 70 units/kg Intravenous bolus initially
STEMI
Patient who are on fibrinolytics: IV bolus of 60 units/kg (maximum: 4000 units), following 12 units/kg in hour as continuous IV infusion (max 1000 units/hr)
The dose must be adjusted to keep the aPTT between 50 to 70 seconds
NSTEMI/Unstable Angina
6 to 70 units/kg intravenous bolus initially (maximum: 5000 units), following 12-15 units/kg in hour intravenous infusion initially (maximum: 1000 units/hr)
The dose must be adjusted to keep the aPTT between 50 to 70 secs
Dosing considerations
There are several concentrations available; extreme caution is necessary to prevent a medication error



nadroparin 

Administer initial dose of 86 anti-Xa units/kg intravenously once bolus and the maximum dose not more than 9500 anti-Xa units
Fixed dosing:
<50 kg: dose of 3800 anti-Xa units once intravenous bolus
≥100 kg: dose of 9500 anti-Xa units once intravenous bolus
Administer maintenance dose of 86 anti-Xa units/kg subcutaneously each 12 hours and the maximum total daily dose not more than 19000 anti-Xa units
Fixed dosing:
<50 kg: dose of 3800 anti-Xa units subcutaneously each 12 hours
≥100 kg: dose of 9500 anti-Xa units subcutaneously each 12 hours



prasugrel 

Acute Coronary Syndrome
<75 years:
Loading dose: 60mg orally
Maintenance dose: 10mg/day orally combined with 81-325mg/day aspirin
>75 years:
Not recommended due to intracranial bleeding



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