The Navigation Model of Therapy: Why Awareness Changes Everything
November 16, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
sodium picosulfate citric acid and magnesium oxide
Split-dose regimen:
Dose 1: 150 ml (5 oz) orally once in the evening before the colonoscopy between 5-9 PM
Dose 2:150 ml (5 oz) orally 5 hours before the colonoscopy.
Day-before regimen:
Dose 1: 150 ml (5 oz) orally early evening before the colonoscopy between 4-6 PM
Dose 2: 150 ml (5 oz) orally 6 hours after 10 PM-12 AM before the colonoscopy.
Indicated for cleansing of the colon in preparation for colonoscopy
Administer in a split dose (2-day regimen) for a total volume of 96 oz (2880 mL)
before colonoscopy
• Consume only light food or fluids (avoid harmful liquids and beverages)
• Evening before colonoscopy Dilute 1st 6 oz bottle to 16 oz up to 480 ml with water in provided mixing container
• Drink additional 32 oz -960 ml of water for next hour
colonoscopy
• After colonoscopy have only liquids (avoid harmful liquids and beverages)
• For Morning colonoscopy i.e.,after 10-12 hours after evening dose
dilute contents to 16 oz (480 mL) in provided mixing container and drink entire amount
• Drink additional 32 oz (960 mL) of water over the next hour
1
g
Tablet
Orally 
Erythromycin with oral neomycin should be given at 1st, 2nd and 11th hour, a day before surgery
1
g
Tablet
Orally 
Erythromycin with oral neomycin should be given at 1st, 2nd and 11th hour, a day before surgery
polyethylene glycol and electrolytesÂ
Administer 240ml of powder for solution orally every 10 minutes until four liters are taken or until the rectal effluent is clear; rapid consumption of each measure is preferred over ingesting small quantities continuously.
NG: Administer 20 to 30ml/min until four liters are consumed or until the rectal effluent is clear
Oral powder: Administer 17g of the powder in 240 mL of liquid every 10 minutes until 2,000 mL is taken (start within 6 hours of providing magnesium citrate or bisacodyl delayed-release tablets).
polyethylene glycol/electrolytes/sodium ascorbate/ascorbic acidÂ
Indicated for Preparation of Colonoscopy Bowel
Age >18 years
Either as a full dose or split dose schedule, orally before to colonoscopy and also notice the administration
MoviPrep schedule:
Full-dose schedule: Dose-1 at nearly 6 PM prior to colonoscopy, one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 minutes)
Dose-2 at nearly 1.5 hours later, one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 minutes)
Prior to colonoscopy, follow with one lit added clear liquid in the evening
Split-dose schedule: Dose-1 in the evening prior to colonoscopy, one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 minutes), and follow with 0.5 lit (i.e., 480 ml) clear fluid
Dose-2 in the morning of colonoscopy, nearly 3.5 hours prior to colonoscopy, drink one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 min) and follow with 0.5 lit (i.e., 480 ml) clear fluids until nearly one hour prior to colonoscopy
PlenVu 2-dose schedule:
The preparation consists of two separate, nearly 500 ml doses
Nearly 500 ml of added clear liquids should be taken following drinking the each dose and might be taken as per 1-day or 2-day dosing regimen
Complete the doses and added clear fluids nearly two hours prior to the colonoscopy, and then stop taking fluids until and after the colonoscopy
two-day regimen:
Dose-1: At nearly 4 PM-8 PM prior to colonoscopy, prepared dose-1 solution, drink over 30 minutes and, refill the container, drink added clear fluids for over 30 min
Dose-2: The following morning, nearly 12 hours following the start of dose-1 (i.e.,4 AM-8 AM), prepared dose-2 solution, drink over 30 minutes and refill the container, drink added clear fluids for over 30 min
Morning time-only regimen:
Both doses should be consumed in the morning prior to colonoscopy
Dose-1: At nearly 3 AM-7 AM, prepared dose-1 solution, drink over 30 minutes, and refill the container; drink added 500 ml clear fluids for over 30 min
Dose-2: Nearly 2 hours following the start of dose-1, prepared dose-2 solution orally, drink over 30 minutes and, refill the container, drink added clear fluids for over 30 min
polyethylene glycol/electrolytes/sodium ascorbate/ascorbic acidÂ
Indicated for Preparation of Colonoscopy Bowel
Age >18 years
Either as a full dose or split dose schedule, orally before to colonoscopy and also notice the administration
MoviPrep schedule:
Full-dose schedule: Dose-1 at nearly 6 PM prior to colonoscopy, one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 minutes)
Dose-2 at nearly 1.5 hours later, one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 minutes)
Prior to colonoscopy, follow with one lit added clear liquid in the evening
Split-dose schedule: Dose-1 in the evening prior to colonoscopy, one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 minutes), and follow with 0.5 lit (i.e., 480 ml) clear fluid
Dose-2 in the morning of colonoscopy, nearly 3.5 hours prior to colonoscopy, drink one lit orally over one hour (240 ml every 15 min) and follow with 0.5 lit (i.e., 480 ml) clear fluids until nearly one hour prior to colonoscopy
PlenVu 2-dose schedule:
The preparation consists of two separate, nearly 500 ml doses
Nearly 500 ml of added clear liquids should be taken following drinking the each dose and might be taken as per 1-day or 2-day dosing regimen
Complete the doses and added clear fluids nearly two hours prior to the colonoscopy, and then stop taking fluids until and after the colonoscopy
two-day regimen:
Dose-1: At nearly 4 PM-8 PM prior to colonoscopy, prepared dose-1 solution, drink over 30 minutes and, refill the container, drink added clear fluids for over 30 min
Dose-2: The following morning, nearly 12 hours following the start of dose-1 (i.e.,4 AM-8 AM), prepared dose-2 solution, drink over 30 minutes and refill the container, drink added clear fluids for over 30 min
Morning time-only regimen:
Both doses should be consumed in the morning prior to colonoscopy
Dose-1: At nearly 3 AM-7 AM, prepared dose-1 solution, drink over 30 minutes, and refill the container; drink added 500 ml clear fluids for over 30 min
Dose-2: Nearly 2 hours following the start of dose-1, prepared dose-2 solution orally, drink over 30 minutes and, refill the container, drink added clear fluids for over 30 min
sodium sulfate/potassium chloride/magnesium sulfate/polyethylene glycolÂ
Indicated for Bowel Preparation
Administer as a split dose (two-day) schedule
Pause/slow down the rate of drinking solution and water, if bloating, nausea/abdominal cramping occurs, until symptoms decrease
A day prior to colonoscopy:
Breakfast can be consumed with a low residue like bread, eggs, yogurt, cornflakes, and fruits (no skin/seeds)
The following breakfast, consume only clear fluids until following colonoscopy, like fruit juice, plain coffee, chicken broth, lemonade
No purple/red liquids, no consumption of milk/alcohol
Day 1, Dose 1 – the early evening prior to colonoscopy:
Use one flavor-enhancing packet by pouring the contents into the bottle
Pour the lukewarm water into the bottle till the fill line, and close the bottle with a cap, gently shake the bottle until the powder has dissolved
It should not freeze and use it in a day
Drink 8 ounces of solution every 15 min till the entire bottle is empty
Drink extra 16 ounces of water in the evening time
Day-2, Dose-2 morning time of colonoscopy:
Maintain the consumption of clear fluids till the following the colonoscopy, 5-8 hours prior to colonoscopy, no earlier than 4 hours from initiating Dose-1; consume the second bottle mixed with the flavor-enhancing packet and also water
Repeat it by, drinking 8 ounces of solution every 15 min till the entire bottle is empty
Drink extra 16 ounces of water in the morning time
Refrain from consuming any liquids for a minimum of two hours prior to the colonoscopy
sodium picosulfate citric acid and magnesium oxide
Split-dose regimen:
Dose 1: 1packet orally once in the evening before the colonoscopy between 5-9 PM
Dose 2: 1 packet orally 5 hours before the colonoscopy.
Day-before regimen:
Dose 1: 1 packet orally early evening before the colonoscopy between 4-6 PM
Dose 2: 1 packet orally 6 hours after 10 PM-12 AM before the colonoscopy.
20
mg/kg
Tablet
Orally 
Erythromycin with oral neomycin should be given at 1st, 2nd and 11th hour, a day before surgery
90 mg/kg/day orally divided for each 4 hour up to 2 to 3 days
polyethylene glycol and electrolytesÂ
<6 months: Safety and efficacy not established
>6 months: 25 mL/kg/hr O/NGT administered over 4 to 10 hours until the rectal effluent is clean; the maximum dosage is 4 L.
polyethylene glycol and electrolytesÂ
<6 months: Safety and efficacy not established
>6 months: 25 mL/kg/hr O/NGT administered over 4 to 10 hours until the rectal effluent is clean; the maximum dosage is 4 L.
Future Trends
References

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