The continuum of croup includes laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis.
Inspiratory stridor or a barking cough are symptoms of the frequent respiratory condition known as croup, which affects the bronchi, larynx, and trachea. Croup is normally brought on by parainfluenza infection, although it can also be brought on by a bacterium infection.
The diagnosis of croup is mostly clinical. First, it is necessary to rule out potentially fatal illnesses like epiglottitis and a foreign object in the airway. All croup patients should have corticosteroids, and those with mild to severe cases should only receive epinephrine.
Epidemiology
Croup causes 7 percent of hospitalizations for children under the age of 5 each year in the U. S. About 3 percent of kids to suffer from croup each year, usually between the ages of six months to three years old.
Approximately 75 percent of croup illnesses are caused by parainfluenza infection. With a ratio of 1.5:1, boys are more likely to have it than girls. Less than one percent of instances are deemed to be severe, while over 85 percent of cases are classified as mild croup.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
WBC infiltration in the croup results in the enlargement of the trachea, larger bronchi, and larynx. Swelling causes a partial blockage of the airway, which, when severe, greatly increases the amount of labor required to breathe and produces the distinctively turbulent, bothersome airflow recognized as stridor.
Etiology
Most cases have a viral etiology, but some also have bacterial etiologies.
Bacterial
Laryngeal diphtheria, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, bacterial tracheitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis are the several types of bacterium croup.
Hemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumonia are the most typical bacterial culprits.
Corynebacterial diphtheria is the culprit behind larynx diphtheria. Bacterial infections that progress into laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, tracheitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis generally start as viral illnesses.
Virus
Most frequently, types one and two of the parainfluenza viral produce acute laryngotracheitis or virus croup.
The viruses that cause acute laryngotracheitis and spasmodic croup both lack symptoms of illness.
Other causes include measles, adenovirus, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), and influenzae A & B.
≥4 years: When required, provide 0.5 mL/kg of 2.25 percent solution using a jet nebulizer for 15 minutes for every 3 to 4 hours; the maximum dosage is 0.5 mL
<4 years: Whenever necessary, 0.05 mL of 2.25 percent solution in a jet nebulizer for 15 minutes, diluted to 3 mL with normal saline
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References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431070/
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The continuum of croup includes laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis.
Inspiratory stridor or a barking cough are symptoms of the frequent respiratory condition known as croup, which affects the bronchi, larynx, and trachea. Croup is normally brought on by parainfluenza infection, although it can also be brought on by a bacterium infection.
The diagnosis of croup is mostly clinical. First, it is necessary to rule out potentially fatal illnesses like epiglottitis and a foreign object in the airway. All croup patients should have corticosteroids, and those with mild to severe cases should only receive epinephrine.
Croup causes 7 percent of hospitalizations for children under the age of 5 each year in the U. S. About 3 percent of kids to suffer from croup each year, usually between the ages of six months to three years old.
Approximately 75 percent of croup illnesses are caused by parainfluenza infection. With a ratio of 1.5:1, boys are more likely to have it than girls. Less than one percent of instances are deemed to be severe, while over 85 percent of cases are classified as mild croup.
WBC infiltration in the croup results in the enlargement of the trachea, larger bronchi, and larynx. Swelling causes a partial blockage of the airway, which, when severe, greatly increases the amount of labor required to breathe and produces the distinctively turbulent, bothersome airflow recognized as stridor.
Most cases have a viral etiology, but some also have bacterial etiologies.
Bacterial
Laryngeal diphtheria, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, bacterial tracheitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis are the several types of bacterium croup.
Hemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumonia are the most typical bacterial culprits.
Corynebacterial diphtheria is the culprit behind larynx diphtheria. Bacterial infections that progress into laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, tracheitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis generally start as viral illnesses.
Virus
Most frequently, types one and two of the parainfluenza viral produce acute laryngotracheitis or virus croup.
The viruses that cause acute laryngotracheitis and spasmodic croup both lack symptoms of illness.
Other causes include measles, adenovirus, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), and influenzae A & B.
≥4 years: When required, provide 0.5 mL/kg of 2.25 percent solution using a jet nebulizer for 15 minutes for every 3 to 4 hours; the maximum dosage is 0.5 mL
<4 years: Whenever necessary, 0.05 mL of 2.25 percent solution in a jet nebulizer for 15 minutes, diluted to 3 mL with normal saline
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431070/
medtigo
Croup
Updated :
September 6, 2023
The continuum of croup includes laryngotracheitis, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis.
Inspiratory stridor or a barking cough are symptoms of the frequent respiratory condition known as croup, which affects the bronchi, larynx, and trachea. Croup is normally brought on by parainfluenza infection, although it can also be brought on by a bacterium infection.
The diagnosis of croup is mostly clinical. First, it is necessary to rule out potentially fatal illnesses like epiglottitis and a foreign object in the airway. All croup patients should have corticosteroids, and those with mild to severe cases should only receive epinephrine.
Croup causes 7 percent of hospitalizations for children under the age of 5 each year in the U. S. About 3 percent of kids to suffer from croup each year, usually between the ages of six months to three years old.
Approximately 75 percent of croup illnesses are caused by parainfluenza infection. With a ratio of 1.5:1, boys are more likely to have it than girls. Less than one percent of instances are deemed to be severe, while over 85 percent of cases are classified as mild croup.
WBC infiltration in the croup results in the enlargement of the trachea, larger bronchi, and larynx. Swelling causes a partial blockage of the airway, which, when severe, greatly increases the amount of labor required to breathe and produces the distinctively turbulent, bothersome airflow recognized as stridor.
Most cases have a viral etiology, but some also have bacterial etiologies.
Bacterial
Laryngeal diphtheria, laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, bacterial tracheitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis are the several types of bacterium croup.
Hemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumonia are the most typical bacterial culprits.
Corynebacterial diphtheria is the culprit behind larynx diphtheria. Bacterial infections that progress into laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis, tracheitis, and laryngotracheobronchitis generally start as viral illnesses.
Virus
Most frequently, types one and two of the parainfluenza viral produce acute laryngotracheitis or virus croup.
The viruses that cause acute laryngotracheitis and spasmodic croup both lack symptoms of illness.
Other causes include measles, adenovirus, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), and influenzae A & B.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431070/
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