Erythema infectiosum is a viral exanthem illness which is very common in children. As one of the six most prevalent childhood viral rashes, it is referred to as the “fifth disease.” This febrile sickness commonly affects children aged between 5-15.
Infrequently, the viral disease also affects adults. This disease is caused by Parvovirus B19 — an illness which exclusively affects humans. This virus is closely linked to other illnesses such as polyarthropathy, hydrops fetalis, and polyarthropathy.
Transmission of this illness occurs through blood, and respiratory secretions. This sickness is prevalent during early summer and spring. The therapy for erythema infectiosum focuses on symptom management and supportive care, however complications such as hydrops fetalis and aplastic crises must be considered.
Epidemiology
Erythema infectiosum is found globally. It is more prevalent in school-aged youngsters aged between 5-15 years. Adults can be affected, but less frequently. This infection is usually observed during early summer and spring.
Infection with Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can cause severe fetal problems. Some of these complications include hydrops fetalis, intrauterine death, and miscarriages. The risk of a miscarriage following an acute infection is roughly 5%.
The risk of developing complications with parvovirus B19 is greatest during the second trimester of pregnancy. However, cases have been observed in all stages of pregnancy. Patients with sickle cell disease or other chronic hemolytic disorders may be affected more severely than other populations.
A parvovirus B19 infection kills reticulocytes. This decreases or temporarily halts erythropoiesis. This condition can result in an aplastic crisis and severe anemia. Frequently, these individuals will appear significantly sicker, with fevers, lethargy, and malaise. Due to their extreme anemia, patients with the aplastic crisis will exhibit tachycardia, tachypnea, and pallor.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Parvovirus B19 is most frequently transferred to respiratory tract cells via respiratory droplets. Transmission is also possible through infected blood. Exposure to parvovirus B19 often results in viremia within 5-10 days, and the infected individual is contagious for roughly 5 days after the development of viremia.
Immunocompetent hosts may experience a variety of symptoms when infected. A patient may be asymptomatic, or exhibit nonspecific flu-like symptoms, or classic symptoms such as arthalgias and facial rashes. Patients with aplastic anaemia have extremely high viral loads.
When a patient exhibits exanthem and arthralgias, they have passed the contagious phase and exhibit no risk of transmission. When a fetus is infected with parvovirus B19, hydrops fetalis develops because the virus inhibits red blood cell formation in the foetus, resulting in high output heart failure.
Etiology
Erythema infectiosum is brought on by parvovirus B19. This virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA member of the Parvoviridae family. The virus is specifically drawn to red cell progenitor cells.
While the virus is typically transmitted through the inhalation of contaminated droplets, it can also be transmitted from the pregnant mother to the fetus through infected blood.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Erythema infectiosum is typically moderate in healthy individuals. Although it may cause severe complications in immunocompromised people. Some individuals may develop chronic anemia on infection — which requires prompt treatment.
After contracting erythema infectiosum, the individual develops permanent immunity from this illness. If the fetus is exposed to this illness, it might result in a fatal outcome. This risk is the highest in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/
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Erythema infectiosum is a viral exanthem illness which is very common in children. As one of the six most prevalent childhood viral rashes, it is referred to as the “fifth disease.” This febrile sickness commonly affects children aged between 5-15.
Infrequently, the viral disease also affects adults. This disease is caused by Parvovirus B19 — an illness which exclusively affects humans. This virus is closely linked to other illnesses such as polyarthropathy, hydrops fetalis, and polyarthropathy.
Transmission of this illness occurs through blood, and respiratory secretions. This sickness is prevalent during early summer and spring. The therapy for erythema infectiosum focuses on symptom management and supportive care, however complications such as hydrops fetalis and aplastic crises must be considered.
Erythema infectiosum is found globally. It is more prevalent in school-aged youngsters aged between 5-15 years. Adults can be affected, but less frequently. This infection is usually observed during early summer and spring.
Infection with Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can cause severe fetal problems. Some of these complications include hydrops fetalis, intrauterine death, and miscarriages. The risk of a miscarriage following an acute infection is roughly 5%.
The risk of developing complications with parvovirus B19 is greatest during the second trimester of pregnancy. However, cases have been observed in all stages of pregnancy. Patients with sickle cell disease or other chronic hemolytic disorders may be affected more severely than other populations.
A parvovirus B19 infection kills reticulocytes. This decreases or temporarily halts erythropoiesis. This condition can result in an aplastic crisis and severe anemia. Frequently, these individuals will appear significantly sicker, with fevers, lethargy, and malaise. Due to their extreme anemia, patients with the aplastic crisis will exhibit tachycardia, tachypnea, and pallor.
Parvovirus B19 is most frequently transferred to respiratory tract cells via respiratory droplets. Transmission is also possible through infected blood. Exposure to parvovirus B19 often results in viremia within 5-10 days, and the infected individual is contagious for roughly 5 days after the development of viremia.
Immunocompetent hosts may experience a variety of symptoms when infected. A patient may be asymptomatic, or exhibit nonspecific flu-like symptoms, or classic symptoms such as arthalgias and facial rashes. Patients with aplastic anaemia have extremely high viral loads.
When a patient exhibits exanthem and arthralgias, they have passed the contagious phase and exhibit no risk of transmission. When a fetus is infected with parvovirus B19, hydrops fetalis develops because the virus inhibits red blood cell formation in the foetus, resulting in high output heart failure.
Erythema infectiosum is brought on by parvovirus B19. This virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA member of the Parvoviridae family. The virus is specifically drawn to red cell progenitor cells.
While the virus is typically transmitted through the inhalation of contaminated droplets, it can also be transmitted from the pregnant mother to the fetus through infected blood.
Erythema infectiosum is typically moderate in healthy individuals. Although it may cause severe complications in immunocompromised people. Some individuals may develop chronic anemia on infection — which requires prompt treatment.
After contracting erythema infectiosum, the individual develops permanent immunity from this illness. If the fetus is exposed to this illness, it might result in a fatal outcome. This risk is the highest in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/
medtigo
Erythema Infectiosum
Updated :
July 4, 2022
Erythema infectiosum is a viral exanthem illness which is very common in children. As one of the six most prevalent childhood viral rashes, it is referred to as the “fifth disease.” This febrile sickness commonly affects children aged between 5-15.
Infrequently, the viral disease also affects adults. This disease is caused by Parvovirus B19 — an illness which exclusively affects humans. This virus is closely linked to other illnesses such as polyarthropathy, hydrops fetalis, and polyarthropathy.
Transmission of this illness occurs through blood, and respiratory secretions. This sickness is prevalent during early summer and spring. The therapy for erythema infectiosum focuses on symptom management and supportive care, however complications such as hydrops fetalis and aplastic crises must be considered.
Erythema infectiosum is found globally. It is more prevalent in school-aged youngsters aged between 5-15 years. Adults can be affected, but less frequently. This infection is usually observed during early summer and spring.
Infection with Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can cause severe fetal problems. Some of these complications include hydrops fetalis, intrauterine death, and miscarriages. The risk of a miscarriage following an acute infection is roughly 5%.
The risk of developing complications with parvovirus B19 is greatest during the second trimester of pregnancy. However, cases have been observed in all stages of pregnancy. Patients with sickle cell disease or other chronic hemolytic disorders may be affected more severely than other populations.
A parvovirus B19 infection kills reticulocytes. This decreases or temporarily halts erythropoiesis. This condition can result in an aplastic crisis and severe anemia. Frequently, these individuals will appear significantly sicker, with fevers, lethargy, and malaise. Due to their extreme anemia, patients with the aplastic crisis will exhibit tachycardia, tachypnea, and pallor.
Parvovirus B19 is most frequently transferred to respiratory tract cells via respiratory droplets. Transmission is also possible through infected blood. Exposure to parvovirus B19 often results in viremia within 5-10 days, and the infected individual is contagious for roughly 5 days after the development of viremia.
Immunocompetent hosts may experience a variety of symptoms when infected. A patient may be asymptomatic, or exhibit nonspecific flu-like symptoms, or classic symptoms such as arthalgias and facial rashes. Patients with aplastic anaemia have extremely high viral loads.
When a patient exhibits exanthem and arthralgias, they have passed the contagious phase and exhibit no risk of transmission. When a fetus is infected with parvovirus B19, hydrops fetalis develops because the virus inhibits red blood cell formation in the foetus, resulting in high output heart failure.
Erythema infectiosum is brought on by parvovirus B19. This virus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA member of the Parvoviridae family. The virus is specifically drawn to red cell progenitor cells.
While the virus is typically transmitted through the inhalation of contaminated droplets, it can also be transmitted from the pregnant mother to the fetus through infected blood.
Erythema infectiosum is typically moderate in healthy individuals. Although it may cause severe complications in immunocompromised people. Some individuals may develop chronic anemia on infection — which requires prompt treatment.
After contracting erythema infectiosum, the individual develops permanent immunity from this illness. If the fetus is exposed to this illness, it might result in a fatal outcome. This risk is the highest in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/
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