The condition fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic musculoskeletal discomfort throughout the body. This illness is frequently accompanied by fatigue, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and various somatic symptoms.
Fibromyalgia has an undetermined etiology and pathogenesis. Despite the presence of tenderness in soft tissues being characteristic of this illness, there is no signs of tissue inflammation.
According to continuing research, fibromyalgia is a pain regulation disorder, classified as a sort of central sensitization syndrome. Today, fibromyalgia is recognized as a neurosensory disease in which the brain is unable to process pain.
Epidemiology
Fibromyalgia is far more prevalent in women than in men, with an average frequency of 6.4% in the US, its incidence rate is 4.9% in men, and 7.7% in women. Studies in South America and Europe demonstrate a range between 3.3%-8.3%. This condition is progressive with age.
Between the ages of 20 and 55, fibromyalgia is the most common cause of nonspecific musculoskeletal pain in women. According to numerous studies, the prevalence among adolescents is comparable to that of adults.
Over 40% of individuals sent to a tertiary care pain clinic fit the criteria for fibromyalgia. A significant risk factor for this condition is existent rheumatic disease.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Fibromyalgia is a problem with pain regulation or processing in the brain. Individuals affected present with hypersensitivity to pain perception. Other psychological problems are also linked with this persistent hypervigilance of pain.
Some abnormalities observed in this condition are:
Elevation of excitatory neurotransmitters such as substance P and glutamate
Changes in brain endogenous opioid activity
Lower levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the anti-nociceptive spinal cord pathways
Prolongation of pain sensations
Women are more likely to be affected than men because of the use of maladaptive coping mechanisms, higher levels of anxiety and depression, hormonal changes related with the menstrual cycle, and altered behavior in response to pain.
Etiology
Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by chronic pain and no specific etiology. This illness is triggered or exacerbated by various emotional or physical stressors, including physical and emotional trauma, as well as infections. Several studies have demonstrated a genetic tendency for fibromyalgia, although no clear candidate gene has been identified.
It s characterised by pain and abnormalities in the CNS’s sensory processing. Compared to healthy controls, patients perceive noxious stimuli as painful at lower levels of physical stimulation. When fibromyalgia patients are exposed to rapidly repeated, brief, unpleasant stimuli, they report greater than average elevations in the perceived intensity of pain.
People with fibromyalgia appear to have an impairment in their endogenous analgesic systems. Using functional neuroimaging techniques, it has been demonstrated that there are disparities in the activation of pain-sensitive brain regions.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Several studies indicate that individuals treated by primary care physicians have a much better prognosis than patients treated in tertiary referral centers. Long-term studies have observed persistent chronic fatigue and pain in patients treated at these centers.
Multiple psychosocial and demographic factors affect outcomes in individuals suffering with this condition. Some factors which indicate a worse outcome are obesity, unemployment, depression, history of abuse, and socioeconomic status.
Most patients have a poor prognosis, and certain factors are especially associated with the same.
These include:
Dependance on addictive substances
High levels of stress
Functional impairment
Inadequately treated anxiety or depression
Long disease duration
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/
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The condition fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic musculoskeletal discomfort throughout the body. This illness is frequently accompanied by fatigue, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and various somatic symptoms.
Fibromyalgia has an undetermined etiology and pathogenesis. Despite the presence of tenderness in soft tissues being characteristic of this illness, there is no signs of tissue inflammation.
According to continuing research, fibromyalgia is a pain regulation disorder, classified as a sort of central sensitization syndrome. Today, fibromyalgia is recognized as a neurosensory disease in which the brain is unable to process pain.
Fibromyalgia is far more prevalent in women than in men, with an average frequency of 6.4% in the US, its incidence rate is 4.9% in men, and 7.7% in women. Studies in South America and Europe demonstrate a range between 3.3%-8.3%. This condition is progressive with age.
Between the ages of 20 and 55, fibromyalgia is the most common cause of nonspecific musculoskeletal pain in women. According to numerous studies, the prevalence among adolescents is comparable to that of adults.
Over 40% of individuals sent to a tertiary care pain clinic fit the criteria for fibromyalgia. A significant risk factor for this condition is existent rheumatic disease.
Fibromyalgia is a problem with pain regulation or processing in the brain. Individuals affected present with hypersensitivity to pain perception. Other psychological problems are also linked with this persistent hypervigilance of pain.
Some abnormalities observed in this condition are:
Elevation of excitatory neurotransmitters such as substance P and glutamate
Changes in brain endogenous opioid activity
Lower levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the anti-nociceptive spinal cord pathways
Prolongation of pain sensations
Women are more likely to be affected than men because of the use of maladaptive coping mechanisms, higher levels of anxiety and depression, hormonal changes related with the menstrual cycle, and altered behavior in response to pain.
Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by chronic pain and no specific etiology. This illness is triggered or exacerbated by various emotional or physical stressors, including physical and emotional trauma, as well as infections. Several studies have demonstrated a genetic tendency for fibromyalgia, although no clear candidate gene has been identified.
It s characterised by pain and abnormalities in the CNS’s sensory processing. Compared to healthy controls, patients perceive noxious stimuli as painful at lower levels of physical stimulation. When fibromyalgia patients are exposed to rapidly repeated, brief, unpleasant stimuli, they report greater than average elevations in the perceived intensity of pain.
People with fibromyalgia appear to have an impairment in their endogenous analgesic systems. Using functional neuroimaging techniques, it has been demonstrated that there are disparities in the activation of pain-sensitive brain regions.
Several studies indicate that individuals treated by primary care physicians have a much better prognosis than patients treated in tertiary referral centers. Long-term studies have observed persistent chronic fatigue and pain in patients treated at these centers.
Multiple psychosocial and demographic factors affect outcomes in individuals suffering with this condition. Some factors which indicate a worse outcome are obesity, unemployment, depression, history of abuse, and socioeconomic status.
Most patients have a poor prognosis, and certain factors are especially associated with the same.
These include:
Dependance on addictive substances
High levels of stress
Functional impairment
Inadequately treated anxiety or depression
Long disease duration
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/
medtigo
Fibromyalgia
Updated :
September 6, 2023
The condition fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic musculoskeletal discomfort throughout the body. This illness is frequently accompanied by fatigue, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and various somatic symptoms.
Fibromyalgia has an undetermined etiology and pathogenesis. Despite the presence of tenderness in soft tissues being characteristic of this illness, there is no signs of tissue inflammation.
According to continuing research, fibromyalgia is a pain regulation disorder, classified as a sort of central sensitization syndrome. Today, fibromyalgia is recognized as a neurosensory disease in which the brain is unable to process pain.
Fibromyalgia is far more prevalent in women than in men, with an average frequency of 6.4% in the US, its incidence rate is 4.9% in men, and 7.7% in women. Studies in South America and Europe demonstrate a range between 3.3%-8.3%. This condition is progressive with age.
Between the ages of 20 and 55, fibromyalgia is the most common cause of nonspecific musculoskeletal pain in women. According to numerous studies, the prevalence among adolescents is comparable to that of adults.
Over 40% of individuals sent to a tertiary care pain clinic fit the criteria for fibromyalgia. A significant risk factor for this condition is existent rheumatic disease.
Fibromyalgia is a problem with pain regulation or processing in the brain. Individuals affected present with hypersensitivity to pain perception. Other psychological problems are also linked with this persistent hypervigilance of pain.
Some abnormalities observed in this condition are:
Elevation of excitatory neurotransmitters such as substance P and glutamate
Changes in brain endogenous opioid activity
Lower levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the anti-nociceptive spinal cord pathways
Prolongation of pain sensations
Women are more likely to be affected than men because of the use of maladaptive coping mechanisms, higher levels of anxiety and depression, hormonal changes related with the menstrual cycle, and altered behavior in response to pain.
Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by chronic pain and no specific etiology. This illness is triggered or exacerbated by various emotional or physical stressors, including physical and emotional trauma, as well as infections. Several studies have demonstrated a genetic tendency for fibromyalgia, although no clear candidate gene has been identified.
It s characterised by pain and abnormalities in the CNS’s sensory processing. Compared to healthy controls, patients perceive noxious stimuli as painful at lower levels of physical stimulation. When fibromyalgia patients are exposed to rapidly repeated, brief, unpleasant stimuli, they report greater than average elevations in the perceived intensity of pain.
People with fibromyalgia appear to have an impairment in their endogenous analgesic systems. Using functional neuroimaging techniques, it has been demonstrated that there are disparities in the activation of pain-sensitive brain regions.
Several studies indicate that individuals treated by primary care physicians have a much better prognosis than patients treated in tertiary referral centers. Long-term studies have observed persistent chronic fatigue and pain in patients treated at these centers.
Multiple psychosocial and demographic factors affect outcomes in individuals suffering with this condition. Some factors which indicate a worse outcome are obesity, unemployment, depression, history of abuse, and socioeconomic status.
Most patients have a poor prognosis, and certain factors are especially associated with the same.
These include:
Dependance on addictive substances
High levels of stress
Functional impairment
Inadequately treated anxiety or depression
Long disease duration
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540974/
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