Filariasis is a parasitic ailment spread by mosquitos. Chronic infection can cause extremity edema, hydroceles, and testicular tumors. It is the world’s second leading cause of irreversible deformity and disability, after leprosy.
In an effort to eradicate this illness, the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis is offering mass drug administrations to populations residing in endemic areas. Many programmes have been established to increase participation in these drives.
Epidemiology
72 countries in the world are affected by this disease. Regions in subtropical and tropical climates are especially susceptible, especially in Africa, South America, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Western Pacific.
Filariasis is endemic to four nations in America, including the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Brazil, and Haiti. 1/3rd of children in these regions are infected with W. bancrofti in an asymptomatic manner. Men are 10 times more likely to suffer from this illness, and individuals are most affected in the fourth and fifth decade of life.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
The primary host for this parasite disease is humans, and mosquitoes are the transmitters. The larvae of the mosquito get deposited in the blood. They settle in the lymph nodes and mature into adult worms. The larvae prefer to deposit in the femoral lymph nodes.
They reproduce sexually, and females birth innumerable microfilariae, which are released into the environment in a diurnal cycle. Females can lay eggs for about 5 years, and adults can survive until the age of 9.
The lymphatics become blocked as adult worms multiply, disrupting lymphatic drainage and increasing susceptibility to recurring infections, particularly fungal and streptococcal infections.
This acute, chronic inflammation causes fibrosis and lymphatic remodeling, prolonging contractile dysfunction and resulting in the dermal skin abnormalities seen in elephantiasis.
Etiology
The following 3 species of nematode parasites are responsible for causing filariasis:
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Wuchereria bancrofti
These parasites are generally transmitted through the following 5 genera of mosquitoes:
Anopheles
Culex
Mansonia
Ochlerotatus
Aedes
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
If diagnosed and treated at an early stage, filariasis has a favorable prognosis. The preferred form of treatment is 5 doses of DEC annually, administered in combination with albendazole or ivermectin. Patients with filariasis generally don’t present symptoms until they reach adulthood.
On day 1: 50 mg orally after meals
On day 2: 50 mg orally Thrice a day
On day 3: 100 mg orally Thrice a day
On day 4 to 14: 6 mg/kg daily orally divided thrice a day
On day 1: 1 mg/kg orally after meals
On day 2: 1 mg/kg orally Thrice a day
On day 3: 1-2 mg/kg orally Thrice a day
On day 4 to 14: 6 mg/kg daily orally divided thrice a day
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Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556012/
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Filariasis is a parasitic ailment spread by mosquitos. Chronic infection can cause extremity edema, hydroceles, and testicular tumors. It is the world’s second leading cause of irreversible deformity and disability, after leprosy.
In an effort to eradicate this illness, the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis is offering mass drug administrations to populations residing in endemic areas. Many programmes have been established to increase participation in these drives.
72 countries in the world are affected by this disease. Regions in subtropical and tropical climates are especially susceptible, especially in Africa, South America, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Western Pacific.
Filariasis is endemic to four nations in America, including the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Brazil, and Haiti. 1/3rd of children in these regions are infected with W. bancrofti in an asymptomatic manner. Men are 10 times more likely to suffer from this illness, and individuals are most affected in the fourth and fifth decade of life.
The primary host for this parasite disease is humans, and mosquitoes are the transmitters. The larvae of the mosquito get deposited in the blood. They settle in the lymph nodes and mature into adult worms. The larvae prefer to deposit in the femoral lymph nodes.
They reproduce sexually, and females birth innumerable microfilariae, which are released into the environment in a diurnal cycle. Females can lay eggs for about 5 years, and adults can survive until the age of 9.
The lymphatics become blocked as adult worms multiply, disrupting lymphatic drainage and increasing susceptibility to recurring infections, particularly fungal and streptococcal infections.
This acute, chronic inflammation causes fibrosis and lymphatic remodeling, prolonging contractile dysfunction and resulting in the dermal skin abnormalities seen in elephantiasis.
The following 3 species of nematode parasites are responsible for causing filariasis:
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Wuchereria bancrofti
These parasites are generally transmitted through the following 5 genera of mosquitoes:
Anopheles
Culex
Mansonia
Ochlerotatus
Aedes
If diagnosed and treated at an early stage, filariasis has a favorable prognosis. The preferred form of treatment is 5 doses of DEC annually, administered in combination with albendazole or ivermectin. Patients with filariasis generally don’t present symptoms until they reach adulthood.
On day 1: 50 mg orally after meals
On day 2: 50 mg orally Thrice a day
On day 3: 100 mg orally Thrice a day
On day 4 to 14: 6 mg/kg daily orally divided thrice a day
On day 1: 1 mg/kg orally after meals
On day 2: 1 mg/kg orally Thrice a day
On day 3: 1-2 mg/kg orally Thrice a day
On day 4 to 14: 6 mg/kg daily orally divided thrice a day
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556012/
medtigo
Filariasis
Updated :
August 30, 2023
Filariasis is a parasitic ailment spread by mosquitos. Chronic infection can cause extremity edema, hydroceles, and testicular tumors. It is the world’s second leading cause of irreversible deformity and disability, after leprosy.
In an effort to eradicate this illness, the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis is offering mass drug administrations to populations residing in endemic areas. Many programmes have been established to increase participation in these drives.
72 countries in the world are affected by this disease. Regions in subtropical and tropical climates are especially susceptible, especially in Africa, South America, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Western Pacific.
Filariasis is endemic to four nations in America, including the Dominican Republic, Guyana, Brazil, and Haiti. 1/3rd of children in these regions are infected with W. bancrofti in an asymptomatic manner. Men are 10 times more likely to suffer from this illness, and individuals are most affected in the fourth and fifth decade of life.
The primary host for this parasite disease is humans, and mosquitoes are the transmitters. The larvae of the mosquito get deposited in the blood. They settle in the lymph nodes and mature into adult worms. The larvae prefer to deposit in the femoral lymph nodes.
They reproduce sexually, and females birth innumerable microfilariae, which are released into the environment in a diurnal cycle. Females can lay eggs for about 5 years, and adults can survive until the age of 9.
The lymphatics become blocked as adult worms multiply, disrupting lymphatic drainage and increasing susceptibility to recurring infections, particularly fungal and streptococcal infections.
This acute, chronic inflammation causes fibrosis and lymphatic remodeling, prolonging contractile dysfunction and resulting in the dermal skin abnormalities seen in elephantiasis.
The following 3 species of nematode parasites are responsible for causing filariasis:
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Wuchereria bancrofti
These parasites are generally transmitted through the following 5 genera of mosquitoes:
Anopheles
Culex
Mansonia
Ochlerotatus
Aedes
If diagnosed and treated at an early stage, filariasis has a favorable prognosis. The preferred form of treatment is 5 doses of DEC annually, administered in combination with albendazole or ivermectin. Patients with filariasis generally don’t present symptoms until they reach adulthood.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556012/
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