A common viral ailment — hand, foot and mouth disease typically affects infants and young children, but can also affect adults. Typically, the illness affects the mouth, feet, hands and occasionally the genitalia and buttocks.
In most cases, coxsackievirus A type 16 causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, although the illness can also be caused by numerous other types of coxsackievirus.
Enterovirus has been related to hand, foot and mouth disease in the western Pacific. The Coxsackievirus belongs to the Picornaviridae family, which includes single-stranded RNA viruses.
Epidemiology
This infection is common worldwide. As children (especially ones younger than seven) are more susceptible to infection than adults, epidemics can occur in daycares, summer camps, and within families. Typically, these outbreaks occur during early fall or in summer.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease occurs almost equally affects both genders, however earlier epidemiological data suggest that males are slightly more susceptible to infection.
The bulk of coxsackievirus infections occur in children younger than 10 years old. Since the virus spreads in feces for many weeks, family members also have a great risk for developing hand, foot and mouth disease.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Human enteroviruses are transmitted through oral ingestion of virus shed from infected hosts’ upper or lower respiratory tracts, vesicle fluid, or oral secretions.
Following ingestion, the virus multiplies in the pharynx and lymphoid tissue of the lower intestine before spreading to the nearby lymph nodes. The liver, skin, heart and CNS are some of the organs which are commonly affected.
Etiology
The coxsackievirus, which belongs to the family of Enteroviruses, is most commonly responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. Enterovirus A71 and coxsackie virus A16 are the serotypes which most commonly cause this illness.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Most patients with hands, foot and mouth disease have a good prognosis. Many individuals recover quickly without any morbidities.
The acute phase of the disease can last from 10-14 days.
In rare instances some patients may develop some serious complications, such as:
There’s a small chance of the occurrence of aseptic meningitis, as it is related with enterovirus 71. This virus is related to many neurological illnesses such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, acute cerebellar ataxia, and a polio-like syndrome.
Infections due to coxsackievirus may have a connection with spontaneous abortions
In extreme rare instances, coxsackievirus may cause pulmonary edema, myocarditis, or interstitial pneumonia.
Some patients may develop persistent stomatitis.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431082/
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A common viral ailment — hand, foot and mouth disease typically affects infants and young children, but can also affect adults. Typically, the illness affects the mouth, feet, hands and occasionally the genitalia and buttocks.
In most cases, coxsackievirus A type 16 causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, although the illness can also be caused by numerous other types of coxsackievirus.
Enterovirus has been related to hand, foot and mouth disease in the western Pacific. The Coxsackievirus belongs to the Picornaviridae family, which includes single-stranded RNA viruses.
This infection is common worldwide. As children (especially ones younger than seven) are more susceptible to infection than adults, epidemics can occur in daycares, summer camps, and within families. Typically, these outbreaks occur during early fall or in summer.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease occurs almost equally affects both genders, however earlier epidemiological data suggest that males are slightly more susceptible to infection.
The bulk of coxsackievirus infections occur in children younger than 10 years old. Since the virus spreads in feces for many weeks, family members also have a great risk for developing hand, foot and mouth disease.
Human enteroviruses are transmitted through oral ingestion of virus shed from infected hosts’ upper or lower respiratory tracts, vesicle fluid, or oral secretions.
Following ingestion, the virus multiplies in the pharynx and lymphoid tissue of the lower intestine before spreading to the nearby lymph nodes. The liver, skin, heart and CNS are some of the organs which are commonly affected.
The coxsackievirus, which belongs to the family of Enteroviruses, is most commonly responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. Enterovirus A71 and coxsackie virus A16 are the serotypes which most commonly cause this illness.
Most patients with hands, foot and mouth disease have a good prognosis. Many individuals recover quickly without any morbidities.
The acute phase of the disease can last from 10-14 days.
In rare instances some patients may develop some serious complications, such as:
There’s a small chance of the occurrence of aseptic meningitis, as it is related with enterovirus 71. This virus is related to many neurological illnesses such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, acute cerebellar ataxia, and a polio-like syndrome.
Infections due to coxsackievirus may have a connection with spontaneous abortions
In extreme rare instances, coxsackievirus may cause pulmonary edema, myocarditis, or interstitial pneumonia.
Some patients may develop persistent stomatitis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431082/
medtigo
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
Updated :
June 29, 2022
A common viral ailment — hand, foot and mouth disease typically affects infants and young children, but can also affect adults. Typically, the illness affects the mouth, feet, hands and occasionally the genitalia and buttocks.
In most cases, coxsackievirus A type 16 causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, although the illness can also be caused by numerous other types of coxsackievirus.
Enterovirus has been related to hand, foot and mouth disease in the western Pacific. The Coxsackievirus belongs to the Picornaviridae family, which includes single-stranded RNA viruses.
This infection is common worldwide. As children (especially ones younger than seven) are more susceptible to infection than adults, epidemics can occur in daycares, summer camps, and within families. Typically, these outbreaks occur during early fall or in summer.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease occurs almost equally affects both genders, however earlier epidemiological data suggest that males are slightly more susceptible to infection.
The bulk of coxsackievirus infections occur in children younger than 10 years old. Since the virus spreads in feces for many weeks, family members also have a great risk for developing hand, foot and mouth disease.
Human enteroviruses are transmitted through oral ingestion of virus shed from infected hosts’ upper or lower respiratory tracts, vesicle fluid, or oral secretions.
Following ingestion, the virus multiplies in the pharynx and lymphoid tissue of the lower intestine before spreading to the nearby lymph nodes. The liver, skin, heart and CNS are some of the organs which are commonly affected.
The coxsackievirus, which belongs to the family of Enteroviruses, is most commonly responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. Enterovirus A71 and coxsackie virus A16 are the serotypes which most commonly cause this illness.
Most patients with hands, foot and mouth disease have a good prognosis. Many individuals recover quickly without any morbidities.
The acute phase of the disease can last from 10-14 days.
In rare instances some patients may develop some serious complications, such as:
There’s a small chance of the occurrence of aseptic meningitis, as it is related with enterovirus 71. This virus is related to many neurological illnesses such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, acute cerebellar ataxia, and a polio-like syndrome.
Infections due to coxsackievirus may have a connection with spontaneous abortions
In extreme rare instances, coxsackievirus may cause pulmonary edema, myocarditis, or interstitial pneumonia.
Some patients may develop persistent stomatitis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431082/
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