Leprosy caused due to rod-shaped bacillus Mycobacterium leprae.Leprosy and related diseases affect skin and peripheral nerves.
It may spread through droplets from nose or mouth contact.Mycobacterial infection triggers various immune responses that lead to long-term peripheral neuropathy consequences.
Visible debilities and stigmas linked with leprosy cause social and psychological consequences historically.
Mycobacterium grows slowly cultured using Dubos-Lowenstein-Jensen medium and thyroxine sodium.
It affects skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and eyes in primary condition.
Epidemiology
Most leprosy cases in the US are in immigrants, but there are also endemic areas in Louisiana, Florida, Texas along the Gulf, Mexican/Asian Californians, and Spanish Americans in NYC.
Contact with known leprosy cases or infected armadillos, common in the US can lead to leprosy transmission due to shared M leprae strain.
The worldwide cases reported in 2018 was 184,212. In 2018, Brazil, India, and Indonesia contributed for 79.6% of all new leprosy cases.
About 3 million leprosy survivors experience nerve damage related disabilities.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Strong immune response to M leprae causes tuberculoid leprosy with skin and nerve involvement.
Limited skin lesions, dry and hypoesthetic, asymmetric nerve involvement in most cases.
Leprosy type known as paucibacillary has low bacteria in skin lesions. Skin tests with antigen from killed organisms are positive.
Lepromatous leprosy occurs in people with weak immune response, that affects skin extensively.
Disease classification changes throughout the progression. Ridley-Jopling system globally guides clinical studies of leprosy.
Etiology
Bacterium spread through prolonged close contact with untreated infected person via nose and mouth droplets.
Leprosy has a long incubation period of 3 to 5 years, with bacteria entering through the respiratory tract or small skin breaks.
Strong cell-mediated immune response contains infection leading to localized disease, weak response results in bacterial spread and severe disease.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Leprosy in tuberculoid form has limited spread and bacteria, that lead to better prognosis and treatment results.
Lepromatous Leprosy has worse outcomes from extensive disease involvement, higher bacterial load, and relapse risk.
More lesions mean worse prognosis in severe skin disease cases.Increased lesions across body suggest worse prognosis and disease severity.
Clinical History
Leprosy can affect individuals of all age groups from children to the elderly.
Physical Examination
Skin Examination
Neurological Examination
Sensory Examination
Motor Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Leprosy progresses slowly, it takes months to years before noticeable symptoms develop for patients.
Skin lesions differ based on leprosy type and immunity response in individuals.
Type 1 and Type 2 reactions may cause sudden changes in symptoms, so required urgent medical care.
Indicated for Dapsone-sensitive multibacillary leprosy
The recommended treatment for Dapsone-sensitive multibacillary leprosy is to administer 50mg of dapsone orally once a day along with 100mg/day of dapsone and 600mg/day of rifampicin
This treatment should be given for a minimum of 2 years and continued until negative skin smears are obtained
Once this occurs, monotherapy with an appropriate antileprosy drug may be started
It's important not to exceed a dose of 100mg/day to ensure it is well tolerated
1-2 mg/kg orally each day
Do not exceed 100 mg/day when combined with antileprosy agents
Administer the dose for a minimum of 3 years by combining it with a multidrug regimen like rifampin
Leprosy caused due to rod-shaped bacillus Mycobacterium leprae.Leprosy and related diseases affect skin and peripheral nerves.
It may spread through droplets from nose or mouth contact.Mycobacterial infection triggers various immune responses that lead to long-term peripheral neuropathy consequences.
Visible debilities and stigmas linked with leprosy cause social and psychological consequences historically.
Mycobacterium grows slowly cultured using Dubos-Lowenstein-Jensen medium and thyroxine sodium.
It affects skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and eyes in primary condition.
Most leprosy cases in the US are in immigrants, but there are also endemic areas in Louisiana, Florida, Texas along the Gulf, Mexican/Asian Californians, and Spanish Americans in NYC.
Contact with known leprosy cases or infected armadillos, common in the US can lead to leprosy transmission due to shared M leprae strain.
The worldwide cases reported in 2018 was 184,212. In 2018, Brazil, India, and Indonesia contributed for 79.6% of all new leprosy cases.
About 3 million leprosy survivors experience nerve damage related disabilities.
Strong immune response to M leprae causes tuberculoid leprosy with skin and nerve involvement.
Limited skin lesions, dry and hypoesthetic, asymmetric nerve involvement in most cases.
Leprosy type known as paucibacillary has low bacteria in skin lesions. Skin tests with antigen from killed organisms are positive.
Lepromatous leprosy occurs in people with weak immune response, that affects skin extensively.
Disease classification changes throughout the progression. Ridley-Jopling system globally guides clinical studies of leprosy.
Bacterium spread through prolonged close contact with untreated infected person via nose and mouth droplets.
Leprosy has a long incubation period of 3 to 5 years, with bacteria entering through the respiratory tract or small skin breaks.
Strong cell-mediated immune response contains infection leading to localized disease, weak response results in bacterial spread and severe disease.
Leprosy in tuberculoid form has limited spread and bacteria, that lead to better prognosis and treatment results.
Lepromatous Leprosy has worse outcomes from extensive disease involvement, higher bacterial load, and relapse risk.
More lesions mean worse prognosis in severe skin disease cases.Increased lesions across body suggest worse prognosis and disease severity.
Leprosy can affect individuals of all age groups from children to the elderly.
Skin Examination
Neurological Examination
Sensory Examination
Motor Examination
Leprosy progresses slowly, it takes months to years before noticeable symptoms develop for patients.
Skin lesions differ based on leprosy type and immunity response in individuals.
Type 1 and Type 2 reactions may cause sudden changes in symptoms, so required urgent medical care.
Leprosy caused due to rod-shaped bacillus Mycobacterium leprae.Leprosy and related diseases affect skin and peripheral nerves.
It may spread through droplets from nose or mouth contact.Mycobacterial infection triggers various immune responses that lead to long-term peripheral neuropathy consequences.
Visible debilities and stigmas linked with leprosy cause social and psychological consequences historically.
Mycobacterium grows slowly cultured using Dubos-Lowenstein-Jensen medium and thyroxine sodium.
It affects skin, nerves, respiratory tract, and eyes in primary condition.
Most leprosy cases in the US are in immigrants, but there are also endemic areas in Louisiana, Florida, Texas along the Gulf, Mexican/Asian Californians, and Spanish Americans in NYC.
Contact with known leprosy cases or infected armadillos, common in the US can lead to leprosy transmission due to shared M leprae strain.
The worldwide cases reported in 2018 was 184,212. In 2018, Brazil, India, and Indonesia contributed for 79.6% of all new leprosy cases.
About 3 million leprosy survivors experience nerve damage related disabilities.
Strong immune response to M leprae causes tuberculoid leprosy with skin and nerve involvement.
Limited skin lesions, dry and hypoesthetic, asymmetric nerve involvement in most cases.
Leprosy type known as paucibacillary has low bacteria in skin lesions. Skin tests with antigen from killed organisms are positive.
Lepromatous leprosy occurs in people with weak immune response, that affects skin extensively.
Disease classification changes throughout the progression. Ridley-Jopling system globally guides clinical studies of leprosy.
Bacterium spread through prolonged close contact with untreated infected person via nose and mouth droplets.
Leprosy has a long incubation period of 3 to 5 years, with bacteria entering through the respiratory tract or small skin breaks.
Strong cell-mediated immune response contains infection leading to localized disease, weak response results in bacterial spread and severe disease.
Leprosy in tuberculoid form has limited spread and bacteria, that lead to better prognosis and treatment results.
Lepromatous Leprosy has worse outcomes from extensive disease involvement, higher bacterial load, and relapse risk.
More lesions mean worse prognosis in severe skin disease cases.Increased lesions across body suggest worse prognosis and disease severity.
Leprosy can affect individuals of all age groups from children to the elderly.
Skin Examination
Neurological Examination
Sensory Examination
Motor Examination
Leprosy progresses slowly, it takes months to years before noticeable symptoms develop for patients.
Skin lesions differ based on leprosy type and immunity response in individuals.
Type 1 and Type 2 reactions may cause sudden changes in symptoms, so required urgent medical care.
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