Metastatic bone cancer refers to malignancies that develop in other tissues and spread to the bone. This condition is also known as secondary bone cancer. Due of its abundant vascular supply, bones are a common location of metastatic dissemination.
In fact, following the lungs and liver, the skeleton is the third most affected location Primary bone cancer is a rare condition. In contrast, a primary bone tumor arises from the unchecked proliferation of malignant bone progenitor cells.
Cancers that begin in other tissues and spread to the bone are excluded from the definition of primary bone cancer. Secondary bone cancer is a vast, varied group that may respond to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
Epidemiology
Bone metastases significantly reduce the survival rates of most cancers.
Given below are the average periods of survival for some cancers with bone metastases:
Lung Cancer: 6-7 months
Breast Cancer: 19-25 months
Prostate Cancer: 12-53 months
Research conducted by Hernandez and colleagues analyzed the incidence of bone metastases in US patients following cancer diagnosis.
The findings were as follows:
30 days after diagnosis: 2.9%
1 year after diagnosis: 4.8%
2 years after diagnosis: 5.6%
5 years after diagnosis: 6.9%
10 years after diagnosis: 8.4%
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Most bone metastases are caused by hematogenous spread. However, it is also possible for soft tissue cancers to invade locally. Hematogenous dissemination through the veins is the major mechanism of spinal metastases. Due to the breast’s venous drainage through the azygos vein, which communicates with the plexus of Batson in the thoracic area, lung and breast malignancies preferentially metastasis in this location.
Because it flows through the pelvic plexus around the lumbar spine, prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the lumbar-sacral spine and pelvis. The cellular interaction between the receptors on the tumor cells such as RANKL and CXCR4 and the stromal cells of the bone marrow and bone matrix is crucial to the pathophysiology of bone metastases.
These interactions culminate in the following release of growth factors, cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and angiogenic factors (VEGF), which promote tumor growth, osteoclast activation, and osteolysis. The affinity for bone as a metastatic site is reliant on certain tumor features and the receptive bone microenvironment, which is known as the seed and soil theory.
Given below are the categories which have secondary bone involvement:
Osteolytic: Breast, Renal and Lung cancers
Osteoblastic: Prostate cancer
Mixed: Breast cancer
Etiology
Secondary bone cancer mostly develops due to carcinoma. Numerous bone metastases arise from breast, lung, and prostate cancers that have experienced a spread. However, renal cell and thyroid cancers have a tendency to metastasize to the bone.
Carcinomas derive from epithelial tissue and line several solid organs and glands in the body. Non-epithelial cell lines develop bone-spreading malignancies. Bones are affected by hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Similarly, mesenchymal malignancies such as sarcomas can also demonstrate late bone metastasis.
148 MBq that corresponds to 4MCi, as a slow intravenous injection
or
1.5-2.2MBq/kg corresponds to 40-60uCi/kg
Repeat the dose at a maximum 90 days interval
Administer 1 mCi/kg intravenously
Using a safe indwelling catheter, administer for 1 minute, then flush with saline solution
The patient must consume 500 milliliters of liquid and urinate frequently to decrease the amount of radiation exposure to the bladder
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References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507911/
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Metastatic bone cancer refers to malignancies that develop in other tissues and spread to the bone. This condition is also known as secondary bone cancer. Due of its abundant vascular supply, bones are a common location of metastatic dissemination.
In fact, following the lungs and liver, the skeleton is the third most affected location Primary bone cancer is a rare condition. In contrast, a primary bone tumor arises from the unchecked proliferation of malignant bone progenitor cells.
Cancers that begin in other tissues and spread to the bone are excluded from the definition of primary bone cancer. Secondary bone cancer is a vast, varied group that may respond to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
Bone metastases significantly reduce the survival rates of most cancers.
Given below are the average periods of survival for some cancers with bone metastases:
Lung Cancer: 6-7 months
Breast Cancer: 19-25 months
Prostate Cancer: 12-53 months
Research conducted by Hernandez and colleagues analyzed the incidence of bone metastases in US patients following cancer diagnosis.
The findings were as follows:
30 days after diagnosis: 2.9%
1 year after diagnosis: 4.8%
2 years after diagnosis: 5.6%
5 years after diagnosis: 6.9%
10 years after diagnosis: 8.4%
Most bone metastases are caused by hematogenous spread. However, it is also possible for soft tissue cancers to invade locally. Hematogenous dissemination through the veins is the major mechanism of spinal metastases. Due to the breast’s venous drainage through the azygos vein, which communicates with the plexus of Batson in the thoracic area, lung and breast malignancies preferentially metastasis in this location.
Because it flows through the pelvic plexus around the lumbar spine, prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the lumbar-sacral spine and pelvis. The cellular interaction between the receptors on the tumor cells such as RANKL and CXCR4 and the stromal cells of the bone marrow and bone matrix is crucial to the pathophysiology of bone metastases.
These interactions culminate in the following release of growth factors, cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and angiogenic factors (VEGF), which promote tumor growth, osteoclast activation, and osteolysis. The affinity for bone as a metastatic site is reliant on certain tumor features and the receptive bone microenvironment, which is known as the seed and soil theory.
Given below are the categories which have secondary bone involvement:
Osteolytic: Breast, Renal and Lung cancers
Osteoblastic: Prostate cancer
Mixed: Breast cancer
Secondary bone cancer mostly develops due to carcinoma. Numerous bone metastases arise from breast, lung, and prostate cancers that have experienced a spread. However, renal cell and thyroid cancers have a tendency to metastasize to the bone.
Carcinomas derive from epithelial tissue and line several solid organs and glands in the body. Non-epithelial cell lines develop bone-spreading malignancies. Bones are affected by hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Similarly, mesenchymal malignancies such as sarcomas can also demonstrate late bone metastasis.
148 MBq that corresponds to 4MCi, as a slow intravenous injection
or
1.5-2.2MBq/kg corresponds to 40-60uCi/kg
Repeat the dose at a maximum 90 days interval
Administer 1 mCi/kg intravenously
Using a safe indwelling catheter, administer for 1 minute, then flush with saline solution
The patient must consume 500 milliliters of liquid and urinate frequently to decrease the amount of radiation exposure to the bladder
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507911/
medtigo
Metastatic bone disease
Updated :
August 3, 2023
Metastatic bone cancer refers to malignancies that develop in other tissues and spread to the bone. This condition is also known as secondary bone cancer. Due of its abundant vascular supply, bones are a common location of metastatic dissemination.
In fact, following the lungs and liver, the skeleton is the third most affected location Primary bone cancer is a rare condition. In contrast, a primary bone tumor arises from the unchecked proliferation of malignant bone progenitor cells.
Cancers that begin in other tissues and spread to the bone are excluded from the definition of primary bone cancer. Secondary bone cancer is a vast, varied group that may respond to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
Bone metastases significantly reduce the survival rates of most cancers.
Given below are the average periods of survival for some cancers with bone metastases:
Lung Cancer: 6-7 months
Breast Cancer: 19-25 months
Prostate Cancer: 12-53 months
Research conducted by Hernandez and colleagues analyzed the incidence of bone metastases in US patients following cancer diagnosis.
The findings were as follows:
30 days after diagnosis: 2.9%
1 year after diagnosis: 4.8%
2 years after diagnosis: 5.6%
5 years after diagnosis: 6.9%
10 years after diagnosis: 8.4%
Most bone metastases are caused by hematogenous spread. However, it is also possible for soft tissue cancers to invade locally. Hematogenous dissemination through the veins is the major mechanism of spinal metastases. Due to the breast’s venous drainage through the azygos vein, which communicates with the plexus of Batson in the thoracic area, lung and breast malignancies preferentially metastasis in this location.
Because it flows through the pelvic plexus around the lumbar spine, prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to the lumbar-sacral spine and pelvis. The cellular interaction between the receptors on the tumor cells such as RANKL and CXCR4 and the stromal cells of the bone marrow and bone matrix is crucial to the pathophysiology of bone metastases.
These interactions culminate in the following release of growth factors, cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and angiogenic factors (VEGF), which promote tumor growth, osteoclast activation, and osteolysis. The affinity for bone as a metastatic site is reliant on certain tumor features and the receptive bone microenvironment, which is known as the seed and soil theory.
Given below are the categories which have secondary bone involvement:
Osteolytic: Breast, Renal and Lung cancers
Osteoblastic: Prostate cancer
Mixed: Breast cancer
Secondary bone cancer mostly develops due to carcinoma. Numerous bone metastases arise from breast, lung, and prostate cancers that have experienced a spread. However, renal cell and thyroid cancers have a tendency to metastasize to the bone.
Carcinomas derive from epithelial tissue and line several solid organs and glands in the body. Non-epithelial cell lines develop bone-spreading malignancies. Bones are affected by hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Similarly, mesenchymal malignancies such as sarcomas can also demonstrate late bone metastasis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507911/
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