Decreased mineral density in bones brought on by changed bone morphology is known as osteoporosis, which ultimately predisposes individuals to brittle fractures with low force. Life quality is significantly reduced as a result of osteoporotic fractures, which also raise morbidity, disability, and mortality.
White postmenopausal women will get an osteoporotic-related injury in over 50 percent of cases. About 33 percent of elderly women with hip fractures may regain their independence. The probability of an osteoporotic fracture in white men is 20%, while male hip fracture mortality in the first year is double that of female hip fracture mortality.
Despite having lower rates of osteoporosis than their white counterparts, black men and women nevertheless face the same risk of fracture. The number of bone fractures is predicted to increase as the American population ages.
Epidemiology
Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and the prevalence rises with advancing age. The impacted population is almost 70 percent of those over 80. Males are less likely to experience it than females. The male and female prevalence varies between 2 percent and 8 percent and 9 percent to 38 percent in the developed world.
Osteoporosis causes about nine million fractures annually throughout the world. An osteoporotic fracture will occur in 1 in 3 females and 1 in 5 males over the age of 50. Compared to persons living at lower latitudes, regions of the world with less vitamin D from sunlight experience a higher incidence of fracture.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Osteoporosis is brought on by an imbalance between bone remodeling and resorption, which results in a loss of skeletal mass. Bone mass typically reaches its peak in the third decade, following which bone resorption outpaces bone growth. Osteoporosis can result from bone loss speeding up or not reaching a normal peak bone mass.
Etiology
The process of aging and a drop in sex hormones are both factors that contribute to primary osteoporotic fractures. The bones show signs of microarchitecture degeneration, which causes loss of bone mineral content and increases the chance of fracture. Osteoporosis is secondary to another condition or its treatment.
Secondary osteoporosis affects men far more frequently than it does women. Glucocorticoids and anti-epileptic medications are two examples of drugs that might cause secondary osteoporosis. Although they haven’t been thoroughly explored, other drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, thiazolidines, and chemotherapeutic medicines are thought to play a role in osteoporosis.
Hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, and overtreatment of chronic renal failure hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, and thus any condition that can result in prolonged immobility are diseases that can induce osteoporosis. Rapid bone mass loss can also result from secondary amenorrhea that lasts longer than a year due to a variety of factors, such as non-estrogen hormone treatment, low body weight, and severe exercise.
Aging, being under 128 pounds, smoking, being Asian or white, going through premature menopause, being inactive, and having a history of fractures from minor trauma or ground-level falls after the age of 40 are all possible causes of osteoporosis. Within the first two weeks following these crippling injuries, patients with diseases like spinal cord accidents that compromise general mobility levels may see a significant decline in bone mass levels.
In the following, there is a high chance of fracture:
Mature age
Prior experience with a fracture
Gender: Female
Corticosteroid use
a low BMI
History of smoking
Added (Secondary) osteoporosis
Consuming alcohol
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
The outcomes are positive if osteoporosis is identified and treated early. However, if the issue is left untreated, it can result in fractures and persistent pain. Exercise, a calcium-rich diet, and the use of bisphosphonates can all reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Surprisingly, bisphosphonates not only cost a lot of money but also have adverse effects. Additionally, it is still up for debate whether they will lessen fractures. In general, postmenopausal women continue to have a significant chance of developing a broken hip, which frequently necessitates extended recuperation and care home placement.
Another frequent injury is vertebral fracturing, which increases the risk of pneumonia, kyphosis, persistent discomfort, and respiratory problems. Due to their inability to perform, the majority of patients lose their capacity to live freely.
Aromatase Inhibitor Induced Bone Loss
60mg subcutaneously every six months
Androgen Deprivation Induced Bone Loss
60mg subcutaneously every six months
Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis
60mg subcutaneously every six months
Xgeva only (Adults)
Skeletal-Related Events
120mg subcutaneously every four weeks
Giant cell tumor
120mg subcutaneously every four weeks
:
Indicated for the joint pain that accompanies osteoporosis
2.5-20 mg/day orally divided every 6-12 hours for 2-4 weeks
May increase the dose as per requirement
Indicated for prevention of osteoporosis
0.75 mg orally each day for 25 days in a 31-day cycle
Adequate vitamin D and calcium should be the part of the hormonal therapy
Prevention-Fosamax: 5mg orally every day or 35 mg orally weekly once
Treatment-Fosamax: 10mg orally every day or 70 mg orally weekly once
Binosto: 70mg orally weekly once
Men:
Treatment-Fosamax: 10mg orally every day or 70 mg orally weekly once
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis:
Fosamax: 5mg orally every day
Postmenopausal patients not receiving hormone replacement therapy: 10 mg/day orally
The medication is prescribed to women who have not undergone a hysterectomy to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis The recommended dosage for this medication is one tablet containing 20 mg/0.45 mg to be taken orally once a day
For Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Take a dose of 5 mg orally one time in a day
As delayed-release:
Take a dose of 35 mg orally once in a week
for Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
Take a dose of 5 mg orally one time in a day
for Paget's disease of bone
Take a dose of 30 mg orally one time in a day for 2 months
for Osteoporosis in men
Take a dose of 35 mg orally once in a week
Indicated as a preventive treatment of osteoporosis in women
1 tablet orally each day
Start over the treatment after more than 1 year after the last natural bleeding
Decreased mineral density in bones brought on by changed bone morphology is known as osteoporosis, which ultimately predisposes individuals to brittle fractures with low force. Life quality is significantly reduced as a result of osteoporotic fractures, which also raise morbidity, disability, and mortality.
White postmenopausal women will get an osteoporotic-related injury in over 50 percent of cases. About 33 percent of elderly women with hip fractures may regain their independence. The probability of an osteoporotic fracture in white men is 20%, while male hip fracture mortality in the first year is double that of female hip fracture mortality.
Despite having lower rates of osteoporosis than their white counterparts, black men and women nevertheless face the same risk of fracture. The number of bone fractures is predicted to increase as the American population ages.
Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and the prevalence rises with advancing age. The impacted population is almost 70 percent of those over 80. Males are less likely to experience it than females. The male and female prevalence varies between 2 percent and 8 percent and 9 percent to 38 percent in the developed world.
Osteoporosis causes about nine million fractures annually throughout the world. An osteoporotic fracture will occur in 1 in 3 females and 1 in 5 males over the age of 50. Compared to persons living at lower latitudes, regions of the world with less vitamin D from sunlight experience a higher incidence of fracture.
Osteoporosis is brought on by an imbalance between bone remodeling and resorption, which results in a loss of skeletal mass. Bone mass typically reaches its peak in the third decade, following which bone resorption outpaces bone growth. Osteoporosis can result from bone loss speeding up or not reaching a normal peak bone mass.
The process of aging and a drop in sex hormones are both factors that contribute to primary osteoporotic fractures. The bones show signs of microarchitecture degeneration, which causes loss of bone mineral content and increases the chance of fracture. Osteoporosis is secondary to another condition or its treatment.
Secondary osteoporosis affects men far more frequently than it does women. Glucocorticoids and anti-epileptic medications are two examples of drugs that might cause secondary osteoporosis. Although they haven’t been thoroughly explored, other drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, thiazolidines, and chemotherapeutic medicines are thought to play a role in osteoporosis.
Hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, and overtreatment of chronic renal failure hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, and thus any condition that can result in prolonged immobility are diseases that can induce osteoporosis. Rapid bone mass loss can also result from secondary amenorrhea that lasts longer than a year due to a variety of factors, such as non-estrogen hormone treatment, low body weight, and severe exercise.
Aging, being under 128 pounds, smoking, being Asian or white, going through premature menopause, being inactive, and having a history of fractures from minor trauma or ground-level falls after the age of 40 are all possible causes of osteoporosis. Within the first two weeks following these crippling injuries, patients with diseases like spinal cord accidents that compromise general mobility levels may see a significant decline in bone mass levels.
In the following, there is a high chance of fracture:
Mature age
Prior experience with a fracture
Gender: Female
Corticosteroid use
a low BMI
History of smoking
Added (Secondary) osteoporosis
Consuming alcohol
The outcomes are positive if osteoporosis is identified and treated early. However, if the issue is left untreated, it can result in fractures and persistent pain. Exercise, a calcium-rich diet, and the use of bisphosphonates can all reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Surprisingly, bisphosphonates not only cost a lot of money but also have adverse effects. Additionally, it is still up for debate whether they will lessen fractures. In general, postmenopausal women continue to have a significant chance of developing a broken hip, which frequently necessitates extended recuperation and care home placement.
Another frequent injury is vertebral fracturing, which increases the risk of pneumonia, kyphosis, persistent discomfort, and respiratory problems. Due to their inability to perform, the majority of patients lose their capacity to live freely.
Aromatase Inhibitor Induced Bone Loss
60mg subcutaneously every six months
Androgen Deprivation Induced Bone Loss
60mg subcutaneously every six months
Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis
60mg subcutaneously every six months
Xgeva only (Adults)
Skeletal-Related Events
120mg subcutaneously every four weeks
Giant cell tumor
120mg subcutaneously every four weeks
:
Indicated for the joint pain that accompanies osteoporosis
2.5-20 mg/day orally divided every 6-12 hours for 2-4 weeks
May increase the dose as per requirement
Indicated for prevention of osteoporosis
0.75 mg orally each day for 25 days in a 31-day cycle
Adequate vitamin D and calcium should be the part of the hormonal therapy
Prevention-Fosamax: 5mg orally every day or 35 mg orally weekly once
Treatment-Fosamax: 10mg orally every day or 70 mg orally weekly once
Binosto: 70mg orally weekly once
Men:
Treatment-Fosamax: 10mg orally every day or 70 mg orally weekly once
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis:
Fosamax: 5mg orally every day
Postmenopausal patients not receiving hormone replacement therapy: 10 mg/day orally
The medication is prescribed to women who have not undergone a hysterectomy to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis The recommended dosage for this medication is one tablet containing 20 mg/0.45 mg to be taken orally once a day
For Postmenopausal osteoporosis
Take a dose of 5 mg orally one time in a day
As delayed-release:
Take a dose of 35 mg orally once in a week
for Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
Take a dose of 5 mg orally one time in a day
for Paget's disease of bone
Take a dose of 30 mg orally one time in a day for 2 months
for Osteoporosis in men
Take a dose of 35 mg orally once in a week
Indicated as a preventive treatment of osteoporosis in women
1 tablet orally each day
Start over the treatment after more than 1 year after the last natural bleeding
Indicated for prophylaxis of osteoporosis
0.75 mg orally each day for 25 days
Keep 6 days interval and repeat afterwards
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441901/
medtigo
Osteoporosis
Updated :
September 4, 2023
Decreased mineral density in bones brought on by changed bone morphology is known as osteoporosis, which ultimately predisposes individuals to brittle fractures with low force. Life quality is significantly reduced as a result of osteoporotic fractures, which also raise morbidity, disability, and mortality.
White postmenopausal women will get an osteoporotic-related injury in over 50 percent of cases. About 33 percent of elderly women with hip fractures may regain their independence. The probability of an osteoporotic fracture in white men is 20%, while male hip fracture mortality in the first year is double that of female hip fracture mortality.
Despite having lower rates of osteoporosis than their white counterparts, black men and women nevertheless face the same risk of fracture. The number of bone fractures is predicted to increase as the American population ages.
Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and the prevalence rises with advancing age. The impacted population is almost 70 percent of those over 80. Males are less likely to experience it than females. The male and female prevalence varies between 2 percent and 8 percent and 9 percent to 38 percent in the developed world.
Osteoporosis causes about nine million fractures annually throughout the world. An osteoporotic fracture will occur in 1 in 3 females and 1 in 5 males over the age of 50. Compared to persons living at lower latitudes, regions of the world with less vitamin D from sunlight experience a higher incidence of fracture.
Osteoporosis is brought on by an imbalance between bone remodeling and resorption, which results in a loss of skeletal mass. Bone mass typically reaches its peak in the third decade, following which bone resorption outpaces bone growth. Osteoporosis can result from bone loss speeding up or not reaching a normal peak bone mass.
The process of aging and a drop in sex hormones are both factors that contribute to primary osteoporotic fractures. The bones show signs of microarchitecture degeneration, which causes loss of bone mineral content and increases the chance of fracture. Osteoporosis is secondary to another condition or its treatment.
Secondary osteoporosis affects men far more frequently than it does women. Glucocorticoids and anti-epileptic medications are two examples of drugs that might cause secondary osteoporosis. Although they haven’t been thoroughly explored, other drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, thiazolidines, and chemotherapeutic medicines are thought to play a role in osteoporosis.
Hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, and overtreatment of chronic renal failure hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, and thus any condition that can result in prolonged immobility are diseases that can induce osteoporosis. Rapid bone mass loss can also result from secondary amenorrhea that lasts longer than a year due to a variety of factors, such as non-estrogen hormone treatment, low body weight, and severe exercise.
Aging, being under 128 pounds, smoking, being Asian or white, going through premature menopause, being inactive, and having a history of fractures from minor trauma or ground-level falls after the age of 40 are all possible causes of osteoporosis. Within the first two weeks following these crippling injuries, patients with diseases like spinal cord accidents that compromise general mobility levels may see a significant decline in bone mass levels.
In the following, there is a high chance of fracture:
Mature age
Prior experience with a fracture
Gender: Female
Corticosteroid use
a low BMI
History of smoking
Added (Secondary) osteoporosis
Consuming alcohol
The outcomes are positive if osteoporosis is identified and treated early. However, if the issue is left untreated, it can result in fractures and persistent pain. Exercise, a calcium-rich diet, and the use of bisphosphonates can all reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Surprisingly, bisphosphonates not only cost a lot of money but also have adverse effects. Additionally, it is still up for debate whether they will lessen fractures. In general, postmenopausal women continue to have a significant chance of developing a broken hip, which frequently necessitates extended recuperation and care home placement.
Another frequent injury is vertebral fracturing, which increases the risk of pneumonia, kyphosis, persistent discomfort, and respiratory problems. Due to their inability to perform, the majority of patients lose their capacity to live freely.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441901/
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