Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Indicated for Sore Throat
Cloraseptic, Ulcerease sore throat gargle: Gargle or swish the solution for a duration of 15 seconds, and then spit it out; repeat it every two hours
Chloraseptic: five sprays into the affected area or throat; repeat it for two hours
Pain-A-Lay, Cheracol: Spray into throat directly, rinse it for 15 sec, and spit it out; repeat it every two hours
Cepastat: Use two lozenges every two hours as needed
Apply a minute amount of the product gently near the affected area one time a day or two-three times a day
Indicated for Dry/Sore Mouth
:
Apply a one-inch gel strip directly to the tongue and around the tooth or gum surface whenever needed.
Avoid rinsing
Take 2 to 4g/day orally
Indicated for Mouth, throat disorders
One tablet was placed high in the vagina at every night time for nearly 5 to 8 days and followed by 2 to 5 days following menstruation. For severe cases, initial therapy is for 2 to 3 weeks followed by several weeks
One lozenge orally
Note: do not chew or swallow the whole tablet
(or)
Throat spray
Initial dose: spray orally 1-2times in about 2-3hours
Maintenance dose: spray orally once every six hours
Take one capsule as required
Do not exceed more than 8 lozenges each day
Indicated for Sore Throat
Chloraseptic:
Age >12 years: Five sprays into the affected area or throat; repeat it for two hours
Age 2-12 years: Three sprays into the affected area or throat; repeat it for two hours
Age <2 years: Safety and efficacy not established
Ulcerease
Age > 3 years: Gargle or swish the solution for a duration of 15 seconds, and then spit it out; repeat it every two hours
Age <3 years: Safety and efficacy not established
Chloraseptic Kids Sore Throat:
Age >12 years: Use the Chloraseptic formulation
Age 2-12 years: Five sprays into the affected area or throat; repeat it for two hours
Age <2 years: Safety and efficacy not established
Cepastat Extra Strength
Age >12 years: Use two lozenges every two hours as needed
Age 6-12 years: one lozenge every two hours as needed; it should not exceed 10 lozenges in a day
Age <6 years: Safety and efficacy not established
Cepastat
Age >12 years: Use two lozenges every two hours as needed
Age 6-12 years: one lozenge every two hours as needed; it should not exceed 18 lozenges in a day
Age <6 years: Safety and efficacy not established
Antiseptic Topical
Modified Castellani Paint:
Age >12 years
1.5% (i.e., 30 mL); consists of ethanol 13%, basic fuchsin, acetone, resorcinol
Age <12 years
Safety and efficacy not established
Indicated for Dry/Sore Mouth:
<2 years: Safety and efficacy not established
≥2 years: Apply a 1-inch gel strip directly to the tongue and around the tooth or gum surface whenever needed
Avoid rinsing
For children aged 12 years and above:
One lozenge orally
Note: do not chew or swallow the whole tablet
(Or)
Throat spray
For children aged seven years and above:
Initial dose: spray orally 1-2times in about 2-3hours
Maintenance dose: spray orally once every six hours
Take 1 capsule as required
Do not exceed more than 4 lozenges each day
Future Trends
References

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