Vaginal cancer is an uncommon gynecologic cancer. Vaginal cancer is uncommon since most of these lesions are metastasized from another primary location. Most of these metastases originate in other reproductive organs, such as the ovary, cervix, or endometrium.
However, they can also occur in distant areas such as the colon, pancreas, and breast. Similar histological cell types from the cervix and vulva surround the vaginal boundaries. Many disorders that affect the vulva or cervix can also affect the vagina.
Epidemiology
The incidence of vaginal cancer increases with age, with approximately 50% of patients presenting at an age more than 70 years and 20% at an age higher than 80.
Each year, around 3000 females in the United States are diagnosed with vaginal cancer, with approximately 30% succumbing.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Persistent HPV infection, particularly with the HPV16 subtype, has been linked to the long-term formation of high squamous intraepithelial lesions and vaginal cancer. Primary melanomas of the female reproductive system are rare and severe malignancies. The vulva is the most common location, followed by the vagina and, less frequently, the cervix.
Tumors involving the vagina and cervix are highly related to high-risk clinicopathologic characteristics such as greater tumor thickness, perforation, positive operative margins, poor clinical prognosis, and lymph node metastases, including mortality from the illness.
Etiology
Malignant and premalignant vaginal lesions are infrequent. The human papillomavirus is a recognized carcinogen for vaginal tumors; however, non-HPV-based carcinogenic mechanisms also exist.
Diethylstilbestrol, a synthesized estrogen administered to pregnant women to avoid miscarriage and premature labor, has previously been linked to vaginal clear cell carcinoma in children. Since regular use was halted in the 1970s, the frequency of this malignancy has reduced.
Several risk factors exist for invasive vaginal cancer as cervical cancer, including tobacco use, younger age at the sexual beginning, HPV, and multiple sexual partnerships.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Many prognostic variables have an impact on the management strategy. Lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic factor. Histology, morphology, and age are other variables.
A recent SEER review of over 2000 patients found that the 5-year cancer survival rate for stage I tumors was 84%, 75% for stage II tumors, and 57% for progressed tumors.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559126/
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Vaginal cancer is an uncommon gynecologic cancer. Vaginal cancer is uncommon since most of these lesions are metastasized from another primary location. Most of these metastases originate in other reproductive organs, such as the ovary, cervix, or endometrium.
However, they can also occur in distant areas such as the colon, pancreas, and breast. Similar histological cell types from the cervix and vulva surround the vaginal boundaries. Many disorders that affect the vulva or cervix can also affect the vagina.
The incidence of vaginal cancer increases with age, with approximately 50% of patients presenting at an age more than 70 years and 20% at an age higher than 80.
Each year, around 3000 females in the United States are diagnosed with vaginal cancer, with approximately 30% succumbing.
Persistent HPV infection, particularly with the HPV16 subtype, has been linked to the long-term formation of high squamous intraepithelial lesions and vaginal cancer. Primary melanomas of the female reproductive system are rare and severe malignancies. The vulva is the most common location, followed by the vagina and, less frequently, the cervix.
Tumors involving the vagina and cervix are highly related to high-risk clinicopathologic characteristics such as greater tumor thickness, perforation, positive operative margins, poor clinical prognosis, and lymph node metastases, including mortality from the illness.
Malignant and premalignant vaginal lesions are infrequent. The human papillomavirus is a recognized carcinogen for vaginal tumors; however, non-HPV-based carcinogenic mechanisms also exist.
Diethylstilbestrol, a synthesized estrogen administered to pregnant women to avoid miscarriage and premature labor, has previously been linked to vaginal clear cell carcinoma in children. Since regular use was halted in the 1970s, the frequency of this malignancy has reduced.
Several risk factors exist for invasive vaginal cancer as cervical cancer, including tobacco use, younger age at the sexual beginning, HPV, and multiple sexual partnerships.
Many prognostic variables have an impact on the management strategy. Lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic factor. Histology, morphology, and age are other variables.
A recent SEER review of over 2000 patients found that the 5-year cancer survival rate for stage I tumors was 84%, 75% for stage II tumors, and 57% for progressed tumors.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559126/
medtigo
Vaginal Cancer
Updated :
August 30, 2023
Vaginal cancer is an uncommon gynecologic cancer. Vaginal cancer is uncommon since most of these lesions are metastasized from another primary location. Most of these metastases originate in other reproductive organs, such as the ovary, cervix, or endometrium.
However, they can also occur in distant areas such as the colon, pancreas, and breast. Similar histological cell types from the cervix and vulva surround the vaginal boundaries. Many disorders that affect the vulva or cervix can also affect the vagina.
The incidence of vaginal cancer increases with age, with approximately 50% of patients presenting at an age more than 70 years and 20% at an age higher than 80.
Each year, around 3000 females in the United States are diagnosed with vaginal cancer, with approximately 30% succumbing.
Persistent HPV infection, particularly with the HPV16 subtype, has been linked to the long-term formation of high squamous intraepithelial lesions and vaginal cancer. Primary melanomas of the female reproductive system are rare and severe malignancies. The vulva is the most common location, followed by the vagina and, less frequently, the cervix.
Tumors involving the vagina and cervix are highly related to high-risk clinicopathologic characteristics such as greater tumor thickness, perforation, positive operative margins, poor clinical prognosis, and lymph node metastases, including mortality from the illness.
Malignant and premalignant vaginal lesions are infrequent. The human papillomavirus is a recognized carcinogen for vaginal tumors; however, non-HPV-based carcinogenic mechanisms also exist.
Diethylstilbestrol, a synthesized estrogen administered to pregnant women to avoid miscarriage and premature labor, has previously been linked to vaginal clear cell carcinoma in children. Since regular use was halted in the 1970s, the frequency of this malignancy has reduced.
Several risk factors exist for invasive vaginal cancer as cervical cancer, including tobacco use, younger age at the sexual beginning, HPV, and multiple sexual partnerships.
Many prognostic variables have an impact on the management strategy. Lymph node metastasis is a critical prognostic factor. Histology, morphology, and age are other variables.
A recent SEER review of over 2000 patients found that the 5-year cancer survival rate for stage I tumors was 84%, 75% for stage II tumors, and 57% for progressed tumors.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559126/
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