Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a chronic and progressive deterioration in cognition that results in functional impairment. Cognitive decline is measured in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders as deficiencies in areas such as attention, language, vision, memory, function, or regarding the spatial relation of objects.
Following Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia is one of the most prevalent types of dementia in patients aged above 65, with a varied presentation and unexpected disease course. Vascular dementia can be diagnosed through a comprehensive history and physical examination, which includes a cognitive function test.
Given the numerous factors which could cause dementia, including the possibility of a mixed dementia syndrome, diagnosing vascular dementia is difficult and imprecise.
Epidemiology
Around 15%-17% cases of dementia are because of a vascular cause. With every 5 years of age, the chance of developing vascular dementia doubles. Some other conditions which are associated with this condition include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tobacco use, and hyperlipidemia.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Vascular dementia is caused by cerebral tissue ischemia, which results in gliosis and demyelination. Ischemia can be caused by atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vasculopathy.
Several subtypes of vascular dementia exist, including multi-infarct dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, vascular dementia caused by hemorrhagic lesions, vascular dementia caused by lacunar lesions, and vascular dementia caused by a localized single infarct binswanger disease, and mixed dementia.
Etiology
Vascular dementia can be differentiated from other types of dementia because it develops due to brain ischemia.
A variety of subtypes and terms are used to describe the affected brain tissue and vascular pathology of this condition.
These include:
Small vessel disease
Hypoperfusion dementia
Hereditary vascular dementia
Alzheimer’s disease accompanied with cardiovascular disease
Strategic infarct dementia
Hemorrhagic Dementia
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Overall, vascular dementia patients have a shorter life expectancy. There is a 39% 5-year survival rate for individuals with a cerebrovascular accident, and individuals with vascular dementia also have concurrent atherosclerotic disease.
Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a chronic and progressive deterioration in cognition that results in functional impairment. Cognitive decline is measured in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders as deficiencies in areas such as attention, language, vision, memory, function, or regarding the spatial relation of objects.
Following Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia is one of the most prevalent types of dementia in patients aged above 65, with a varied presentation and unexpected disease course. Vascular dementia can be diagnosed through a comprehensive history and physical examination, which includes a cognitive function test.
Given the numerous factors which could cause dementia, including the possibility of a mixed dementia syndrome, diagnosing vascular dementia is difficult and imprecise.
Around 15%-17% cases of dementia are because of a vascular cause. With every 5 years of age, the chance of developing vascular dementia doubles. Some other conditions which are associated with this condition include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tobacco use, and hyperlipidemia.
Vascular dementia is caused by cerebral tissue ischemia, which results in gliosis and demyelination. Ischemia can be caused by atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vasculopathy.
Several subtypes of vascular dementia exist, including multi-infarct dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, vascular dementia caused by hemorrhagic lesions, vascular dementia caused by lacunar lesions, and vascular dementia caused by a localized single infarct binswanger disease, and mixed dementia.
Vascular dementia can be differentiated from other types of dementia because it develops due to brain ischemia.
A variety of subtypes and terms are used to describe the affected brain tissue and vascular pathology of this condition.
These include:
Small vessel disease
Hypoperfusion dementia
Hereditary vascular dementia
Alzheimer’s disease accompanied with cardiovascular disease
Strategic infarct dementia
Hemorrhagic Dementia
Overall, vascular dementia patients have a shorter life expectancy. There is a 39% 5-year survival rate for individuals with a cerebrovascular accident, and individuals with vascular dementia also have concurrent atherosclerotic disease.
Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a chronic and progressive deterioration in cognition that results in functional impairment. Cognitive decline is measured in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders as deficiencies in areas such as attention, language, vision, memory, function, or regarding the spatial relation of objects.
Following Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia is one of the most prevalent types of dementia in patients aged above 65, with a varied presentation and unexpected disease course. Vascular dementia can be diagnosed through a comprehensive history and physical examination, which includes a cognitive function test.
Given the numerous factors which could cause dementia, including the possibility of a mixed dementia syndrome, diagnosing vascular dementia is difficult and imprecise.
Around 15%-17% cases of dementia are because of a vascular cause. With every 5 years of age, the chance of developing vascular dementia doubles. Some other conditions which are associated with this condition include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, tobacco use, and hyperlipidemia.
Vascular dementia is caused by cerebral tissue ischemia, which results in gliosis and demyelination. Ischemia can be caused by atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vasculopathy.
Several subtypes of vascular dementia exist, including multi-infarct dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, vascular dementia caused by hemorrhagic lesions, vascular dementia caused by lacunar lesions, and vascular dementia caused by a localized single infarct binswanger disease, and mixed dementia.
Vascular dementia can be differentiated from other types of dementia because it develops due to brain ischemia.
A variety of subtypes and terms are used to describe the affected brain tissue and vascular pathology of this condition.
These include:
Small vessel disease
Hypoperfusion dementia
Hereditary vascular dementia
Alzheimer’s disease accompanied with cardiovascular disease
Strategic infarct dementia
Hemorrhagic Dementia
Overall, vascular dementia patients have a shorter life expectancy. There is a 39% 5-year survival rate for individuals with a cerebrovascular accident, and individuals with vascular dementia also have concurrent atherosclerotic disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430817/
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