Viral arthritis is generally mild than rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The most common manifestation of viral arthritis is acute-onset polyarticular arthritis. Alphaviruses, parvovirus, hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, and tropical viruses such as chikungunya and Zika are the most common viruses that cause arthritis and arthralgias.
Although difficult to confirm, the diagnosis should be considered in all patients with polyarticular symptoms. Even though viruses account for a small proportion of all acute arthritis cases, distinguishing virally influenced arthritis from primary rheumatological disease is critical. Autoantibodies with low titers, such as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, can develop in the context of acute viral arthritis.
Epidemiology
Viral arthritis cases have been reported worldwide, but the accurate prevalence and incidence are unknown. This could be due to various viruses that cause arthritis syndrome, geographic variation, and the illness’s self-limiting nature. Adults have a much higher incidence of viral arthritis than children. Although children are susceptible to parvovirus B19, they rarely develop arthritis.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
The mechanisms of viral arthritis in the majority of patients are unknown. Viruses can cause articular symptoms through a variety of mechanisms. These include immune complex formation, direct joint invasion, and immune modulation resulting in chronic inflammation. Many arthritis-causing viruses are assumed to live in the joint synovium, where they can acquire inflammatory cells and continue the inflammation cascade.
In cases involving alphaviruses, for example, infected synovium macrophages are believed to be responsible for much of the pathology and inflammation via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. They can then transfer these viruses to resident cells like synovial fibroblasts, which continue the inflammatory cycle.
Etiology
The incidence of vector-borne virus-related joint diseases, such as those associated with Chikungunya and Zika virus, has recently increased. Sometimes the virus that causes arthritis is linked to the patient’s comorbidities. For example, the Epstein-Barr virus can cause viral arthritis in immunocompromised patients.
HIV-related arthritis is more common than previously believed. It may be the first symptom in at least 30% of HIV patients, but it can occur at any phase of the viral infection. These patients are unlikely to develop septic arthritis but may develop pyomyositis. Furthermore, some patients could develop reactive arthritis or psoriatic arthritis.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
In most cases, viral arthritis is a mild, self-limiting condition. There is no definite treatment, and recovery usually takes a few weeks. The joint disorder is acute and has no long-term consequences.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
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Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
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References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531507/
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Viral arthritis is generally mild than rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The most common manifestation of viral arthritis is acute-onset polyarticular arthritis. Alphaviruses, parvovirus, hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, and tropical viruses such as chikungunya and Zika are the most common viruses that cause arthritis and arthralgias.
Although difficult to confirm, the diagnosis should be considered in all patients with polyarticular symptoms. Even though viruses account for a small proportion of all acute arthritis cases, distinguishing virally influenced arthritis from primary rheumatological disease is critical. Autoantibodies with low titers, such as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, can develop in the context of acute viral arthritis.
Viral arthritis cases have been reported worldwide, but the accurate prevalence and incidence are unknown. This could be due to various viruses that cause arthritis syndrome, geographic variation, and the illness’s self-limiting nature. Adults have a much higher incidence of viral arthritis than children. Although children are susceptible to parvovirus B19, they rarely develop arthritis.
The mechanisms of viral arthritis in the majority of patients are unknown. Viruses can cause articular symptoms through a variety of mechanisms. These include immune complex formation, direct joint invasion, and immune modulation resulting in chronic inflammation. Many arthritis-causing viruses are assumed to live in the joint synovium, where they can acquire inflammatory cells and continue the inflammation cascade.
In cases involving alphaviruses, for example, infected synovium macrophages are believed to be responsible for much of the pathology and inflammation via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. They can then transfer these viruses to resident cells like synovial fibroblasts, which continue the inflammatory cycle.
The incidence of vector-borne virus-related joint diseases, such as those associated with Chikungunya and Zika virus, has recently increased. Sometimes the virus that causes arthritis is linked to the patient’s comorbidities. For example, the Epstein-Barr virus can cause viral arthritis in immunocompromised patients.
HIV-related arthritis is more common than previously believed. It may be the first symptom in at least 30% of HIV patients, but it can occur at any phase of the viral infection. These patients are unlikely to develop septic arthritis but may develop pyomyositis. Furthermore, some patients could develop reactive arthritis or psoriatic arthritis.
In most cases, viral arthritis is a mild, self-limiting condition. There is no definite treatment, and recovery usually takes a few weeks. The joint disorder is acute and has no long-term consequences.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531507/
medtigo
Viral arthritis
Updated :
October 28, 2022
Viral arthritis is generally mild than rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The most common manifestation of viral arthritis is acute-onset polyarticular arthritis. Alphaviruses, parvovirus, hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr virus, and tropical viruses such as chikungunya and Zika are the most common viruses that cause arthritis and arthralgias.
Although difficult to confirm, the diagnosis should be considered in all patients with polyarticular symptoms. Even though viruses account for a small proportion of all acute arthritis cases, distinguishing virally influenced arthritis from primary rheumatological disease is critical. Autoantibodies with low titers, such as antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor, can develop in the context of acute viral arthritis.
Viral arthritis cases have been reported worldwide, but the accurate prevalence and incidence are unknown. This could be due to various viruses that cause arthritis syndrome, geographic variation, and the illness’s self-limiting nature. Adults have a much higher incidence of viral arthritis than children. Although children are susceptible to parvovirus B19, they rarely develop arthritis.
The mechanisms of viral arthritis in the majority of patients are unknown. Viruses can cause articular symptoms through a variety of mechanisms. These include immune complex formation, direct joint invasion, and immune modulation resulting in chronic inflammation. Many arthritis-causing viruses are assumed to live in the joint synovium, where they can acquire inflammatory cells and continue the inflammation cascade.
In cases involving alphaviruses, for example, infected synovium macrophages are believed to be responsible for much of the pathology and inflammation via the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. They can then transfer these viruses to resident cells like synovial fibroblasts, which continue the inflammatory cycle.
The incidence of vector-borne virus-related joint diseases, such as those associated with Chikungunya and Zika virus, has recently increased. Sometimes the virus that causes arthritis is linked to the patient’s comorbidities. For example, the Epstein-Barr virus can cause viral arthritis in immunocompromised patients.
HIV-related arthritis is more common than previously believed. It may be the first symptom in at least 30% of HIV patients, but it can occur at any phase of the viral infection. These patients are unlikely to develop septic arthritis but may develop pyomyositis. Furthermore, some patients could develop reactive arthritis or psoriatic arthritis.
In most cases, viral arthritis is a mild, self-limiting condition. There is no definite treatment, and recovery usually takes a few weeks. The joint disorder is acute and has no long-term consequences.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531507/
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