Per the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, vulvar cancer accounts for 0.3% of all new cancer cases in the United States each year, with a rate of 2.6 per 100,000 women. Diagnosis is often achieved between the sixth and eighth decades of life and is frequently detected early in the disease.
Most vulvar malignancies are the less prevalent subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas, extramammary Paget disease, and vulvar melanoma. The core of vulvar cancer treatment remains surgery, with medicinal and radiological oncology playing an increasingly essential role in preventing relapse and improving outcomes.
Epidemiology
The most frequent type of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. According to SEER statistics, vulvar cancer is most typically diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 74, with an average diagnosis age of 69 years. According to the same statistics, sixty percent of diagnoses are localized and have an 85% 5-year survival rate.
Vulvar melanoma is the second greatest prevalent vulvar cancer, accounting for 5% of all vulvar tumors. It primarily affects White women aged 50 to 70. Vulvar melanoma has a comparable median age at diagnosis of 68 years; however, roughly 8.4% present with progressive disease and have a poorer survival rate.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Vulvar cancer accounts for 90% of all vulvar malignancies and is caused by one of two distinct routes. According to the standard two-hit concept for cancer formation, 30-40 % of vulvar cancer cases are related to high-risk human papillomavirus. HPV oncoproteins E6 & E7 are known to inactivate the RB and p53 tumor suppressor proteins, respectively.
The absence of these genes that suppress tumors results in uncontrolled hyperproliferation. Another mechanism involves inflammatory alterations that occur in cells with intact p53 states but lack the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, leading to uncontrolled cell cycle development and cancer.
Etiology
Increasing age, infection with the human papillomavirus, smoking, vulvar inflammatory disorders, past pelvic radiation, and immunodeficiency are all factors that increase the risk of vulvar cancer.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
The lymphatic progression of vulvar cancer occurs primarily in homolateral superficial inguinal lymphatic nodes and deep femoroinguinal lymph nodes. In individuals with vulvar cancer, the lymphatic nodal state is the most effective predictive indicator for overall survival.
Adjuvant radiation improves progression-free survival in node-positive patients. At five years, the overall recurring rate of vulvar cancer is 37%. Patients who have distant metastases have a poor prognosis.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567798/
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Per the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, vulvar cancer accounts for 0.3% of all new cancer cases in the United States each year, with a rate of 2.6 per 100,000 women. Diagnosis is often achieved between the sixth and eighth decades of life and is frequently detected early in the disease.
Most vulvar malignancies are the less prevalent subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas, extramammary Paget disease, and vulvar melanoma. The core of vulvar cancer treatment remains surgery, with medicinal and radiological oncology playing an increasingly essential role in preventing relapse and improving outcomes.
The most frequent type of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. According to SEER statistics, vulvar cancer is most typically diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 74, with an average diagnosis age of 69 years. According to the same statistics, sixty percent of diagnoses are localized and have an 85% 5-year survival rate.
Vulvar melanoma is the second greatest prevalent vulvar cancer, accounting for 5% of all vulvar tumors. It primarily affects White women aged 50 to 70. Vulvar melanoma has a comparable median age at diagnosis of 68 years; however, roughly 8.4% present with progressive disease and have a poorer survival rate.
Vulvar cancer accounts for 90% of all vulvar malignancies and is caused by one of two distinct routes. According to the standard two-hit concept for cancer formation, 30-40 % of vulvar cancer cases are related to high-risk human papillomavirus. HPV oncoproteins E6 & E7 are known to inactivate the RB and p53 tumor suppressor proteins, respectively.
The absence of these genes that suppress tumors results in uncontrolled hyperproliferation. Another mechanism involves inflammatory alterations that occur in cells with intact p53 states but lack the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, leading to uncontrolled cell cycle development and cancer.
Increasing age, infection with the human papillomavirus, smoking, vulvar inflammatory disorders, past pelvic radiation, and immunodeficiency are all factors that increase the risk of vulvar cancer.
The lymphatic progression of vulvar cancer occurs primarily in homolateral superficial inguinal lymphatic nodes and deep femoroinguinal lymph nodes. In individuals with vulvar cancer, the lymphatic nodal state is the most effective predictive indicator for overall survival.
Adjuvant radiation improves progression-free survival in node-positive patients. At five years, the overall recurring rate of vulvar cancer is 37%. Patients who have distant metastases have a poor prognosis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567798/
medtigo
Vulvar Cancer
Updated :
October 19, 2022
Per the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, vulvar cancer accounts for 0.3% of all new cancer cases in the United States each year, with a rate of 2.6 per 100,000 women. Diagnosis is often achieved between the sixth and eighth decades of life and is frequently detected early in the disease.
Most vulvar malignancies are the less prevalent subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas, extramammary Paget disease, and vulvar melanoma. The core of vulvar cancer treatment remains surgery, with medicinal and radiological oncology playing an increasingly essential role in preventing relapse and improving outcomes.
The most frequent type of vulvar cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. According to SEER statistics, vulvar cancer is most typically diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 74, with an average diagnosis age of 69 years. According to the same statistics, sixty percent of diagnoses are localized and have an 85% 5-year survival rate.
Vulvar melanoma is the second greatest prevalent vulvar cancer, accounting for 5% of all vulvar tumors. It primarily affects White women aged 50 to 70. Vulvar melanoma has a comparable median age at diagnosis of 68 years; however, roughly 8.4% present with progressive disease and have a poorer survival rate.
Vulvar cancer accounts for 90% of all vulvar malignancies and is caused by one of two distinct routes. According to the standard two-hit concept for cancer formation, 30-40 % of vulvar cancer cases are related to high-risk human papillomavirus. HPV oncoproteins E6 & E7 are known to inactivate the RB and p53 tumor suppressor proteins, respectively.
The absence of these genes that suppress tumors results in uncontrolled hyperproliferation. Another mechanism involves inflammatory alterations that occur in cells with intact p53 states but lack the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, leading to uncontrolled cell cycle development and cancer.
Increasing age, infection with the human papillomavirus, smoking, vulvar inflammatory disorders, past pelvic radiation, and immunodeficiency are all factors that increase the risk of vulvar cancer.
The lymphatic progression of vulvar cancer occurs primarily in homolateral superficial inguinal lymphatic nodes and deep femoroinguinal lymph nodes. In individuals with vulvar cancer, the lymphatic nodal state is the most effective predictive indicator for overall survival.
Adjuvant radiation improves progression-free survival in node-positive patients. At five years, the overall recurring rate of vulvar cancer is 37%. Patients who have distant metastases have a poor prognosis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567798/
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