Long COVID Patterns in the RECOVER-Adult Study
November 21, 2025
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Brand Name :
Vectarion, Armanor
Synonyms :
Almitrina, Almitrinum, almitrine
Class :
Respiratory Stimulant, Peripheral chemoreceptor agonist, diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative
Brand Name :
Vectarion, Armanor
Synonyms :
Almitrina, Almitrinum, almitrine
Class :
Respiratory Stimulant, Peripheral chemoreceptor agonist, diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Powder for reconstitution (IV)Â
15 mgÂ
TabletÂ
50 mgÂ
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Â
It is used as a respiratory stimulant used in the therapy for acute respiratory failure such as COPD
The usual dose via oral administration given as a tablet is 50 -100 mg, which is divided into two doses per day
The usual dose via IV administration is 1-3 mg/kg per day, which is given in divided doses which is infused for over 2 hours
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Safety and efficacy are not seen in pediatricsÂ
Refer to the adult dosingÂ
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
In patients with COPD, almitrine is given to improve oxygenation and ventilation by acting on the pulmonary circulation. It is a respiratory stimulant and pulmonary vasoconstriction. The action of almitrine can be seen in constricting the blood vessels in the lungs, which improves the blood flow with increased efficiency, leading to better oxygenation. It also increases respiratory rate.Â
Spectrum:Â
The spectrum of activity of almitrine is used in the management of conditions such as COPD, Acute exacerbations, Respiratory drive stimulation, Pulmonary vasoconstriction and improving ventilation and oxygenation.Â
Frequency not defined Â
Weakness in lower extremitiesÂ
VomitingÂ
Mild elevations in liver enzymesÂ
TremorsÂ
TachycardiaÂ
NauseaÂ
Abdominal discomfortÂ
NervousnessÂ
HeadacheÂ
InsomniaÂ
AnxietyÂ
HTNÂ
HypersensitivityÂ
Serotonin syndromeÂ
HypoxiaÂ
Hepatic dysfunctionÂ
AgitationÂ
Pulmonary vasoconstrictionÂ
HallucinationsÂ
confusionÂ
Black Box Warning:Â
No black box warning is available from the FDA.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
ContraindicationsÂ
CautionsÂ
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
No data is available regarding the administration of the drug during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
Limited data is available regarding the excretion of drug in breast milk.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.Â
<b>Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category.Â
Pharmacology:Â
In patients with COPD, almitrine is given to improve oxygenation and ventilation by acting on the pulmonary circulation. It is a respiratory stimulant and pulmonary vasoconstriction. The action of almitrine can be seen in constricting the blood vessels in the lungs, which improves the blood flow with increased efficiency, leading to better oxygenation. It also increases respiratory rate.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
In patients with COPD, almitrine is given to improve oxygenation and ventilation by acting on the pulmonary circulation. It is a respiratory stimulant and pulmonary vasoconstriction. The action of almitrine can be seen in constricting the blood vessels in the lungs, which improves the blood flow with increased efficiency, leading to better oxygenation. It also increases the respiratory rate by its action as a peripheral chemoreceptor agonist on carotid bodies. Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
The bioavailability is 70%Â
The time to achieve peak effect is 2-4 hoursÂ
DistributionÂ
Limited data is available.Â
MetabolismÂ
Metabolism of almitrine occurs in the liver. Limited data is available regarding the complete pharmacokinetics of almitrine.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
Elimination is through hepatic metabolism and excretion through urine.Â
Administration:Â
Administration of almitrine is via oral or IV in divided doses. Depending on the patient condition and response, monitoring of the dose is recommended.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: almitrineÂ
Pronounced: al-mi-treenÂ
Why do we use almitrine?Â
almitrine is used in the management of acute respiratory failures such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and also used as an stimulant where it constricts the blood vessels in the lungs and improves ventilation and oxygenation.Â
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