Evaluating Blue Zones Demography in Response to Recent Critiques
January 6, 2026
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Brand Name :
N/A
Synonyms :
articaine
Class :
Local anesthetic
Brand Name :
N/A
Synonyms :
articaine
Class :
Local anesthetic
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Submucosal injection
Maximum dose: 7mg/kg (0.175ml/kg)
Articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine bitartrate are available in a fixed combination; the dosage is stated in terms of articaine hydrochloride.
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Submucosal injection
Maximum dose: 7mg/kg (0.175ml/kg)
Reduce the dose in case of patients above 65 years of age
patients aged 65 to 74
Easy procedures: clinical trials used 0.43–4.76 mg/kg.
Complex procedures: clinical trials used 1.05–4.27 mg/kg.
In clinical trials, about 6% of patients needed extra injections to achieve total anesthesia.
For patients 75 Years of Age or
older, simple procedures: clinical trials used 0.78–4.76 mg/kg.
Complex procedures: clinical trials used 1.12–2.17 mg/kg.
In clinical trials, no patient needed more injections to achieve total anesthesia.
may increase the risk or severity of methemoglobinemia when miltefosine is combined
The potential for increased CNS depression risk or seriousness occurs when articaine is used together with pipecuronium
When articaine is used together with bromisoval, the risk or seriousness of CNS depression is enhanced
When captodiame is used together with articaine, There is a risk or seriousness of CNS depression is enhanced
The potential for CNS depression may enhanced when articaine is used together with fencamfamin
The potential for methemoglobinemia to occur or its seriousness may be enhanced when mepartricin is used together with articaine
When articaine is used together with niaprazine, the risk or seriousness of CNS depression is enhanced
When articaine is used together with levosulpiride, the risk or seriousness of CNS depression is enhanced
When chlordiazepoxide is used together with articaine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When articaine is used together with capsaicin, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
When temocillin is used together with articaine, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
When articaine is used together with melitracen, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When artemotil is used together with articaine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
When articaine is used together with givinostat, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of Qtc prolongation
When emylcamate is used together with articaine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When articaine is used together with etizolam, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
When acepromazine is used together with articaine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of CNS depression
combining beloranib with articaine may raise the risk or extent of methemoglobinemia
the chances of methemoglobinemia can be increased when protionamide is combined with articaine
when articaine is combined with indalpine, the chances of adverse effects may increase.
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the therapeutic effects of acarbose may be reduced
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of CNS depression may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the CNS depressant activity of articaine may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of CNS depression may be increased
When clomocycline is used together with articaine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
the risk or extent of methemoglobinemia can be raised when chlorotrianisene is combined with articaine
the risk or extent of methemoglobinemia can be raised when sulfanilamide is combined with articaine
may have an increased effect of CNS depression when combined with Articaine
the risk or severity of methemoglobinemia may increase when brexucabtagene autoleucel is combined with articaine
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia can be increased
combining roquinimex with articaine may raise the chances of methemoglobinemia
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the risk of methemoglobinemia may be increased
the therapeutic effectiveness of insulin aspart can be decreased when used in conjunction with articaine
the risk of CNS depression may be increased
the risk of CNS depression may be increased
Actions and spectrum:
Action:
By raising the threshold for electrical stimulation, slowing the nerve impulse’s propagation, and lowering the action potential’s rate of rise, local anesthetics prevent nerve impulses from being generated and conducted.
Spectrum:
Articaine is indicated for the relief of pain in dental and periodontal procedures.
Frequency not defined
Anxiety
Restlessness
Lightheadedness
Disorientation
Blurred vision
Depression
Tinnitus
Disorientation
Dizziness
Peripheral vasodilation
Facial edema
Paresthesia
Black Box Warning
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication:
Known hypersensitivity
Sulfite sensitivity
Caution:
Cardiac arrhythmia
Atrioventricular block
Depressed cardiac conduction
Pregnancy consideration:
USFDA pregnancy category: C
Lactation:
Data about the excretion of articaine into human milk has yet to be studied.
Pregnancy category:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There was a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence, these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
Articaine is an amide type and intermediate-acting local anesthetic
Pharmacodynamics:
An ester group found in articaine, an aminoamide, is quickly hydrolyzed by plasma esterases. It is methyl ester hydrochloride, 4-methyl-3([2-(propylamino)propionamido)]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
Peak plasma levels are attained in 25minutes after administration of the single dose
The time to retain complete anesthesia is one hour
Distribution
60% to 80% of articaine is protein bound
Metabolism
Articaine that has been absorbed systemically is quickly broken down by plasma carboxyesterase into inactive articainic acid; CYP enzymes metabolize between 5 and 10% of the articaine that is readily available into articainic acid.
Elimination and excretion
The drug is excreted primarily as inactive metabolites and trace amounts (2%) of the drug are unaltered; roughly 53–57% of the administered dose is eliminated in the first 24 hours after submucosal administration.
Half-life:
About 1.8 hours
Administration:
To be administered submucosally by an expert
Inform patients that after receiving infiltration and nerve block injections, they may experience a brief loss of feeling and muscle function.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: artecaine
Why do we use artecaine?
A local anesthetic called articaine is used to induce conductive, infiltrative, or local anesthesia during both straightforward and intricate dental procedures.
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