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bethanechol - Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - medtigo

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bethanechol

Brand Name :

Urecholine, Duvoid

Synonyms :

bethanechol

Class :

Cholinergic Agonist, Genitourinary Agent





No data available for drug.

Actions and Spectrum: 

  • bethanechol is a medication that acts as a cholinergic agonist, stimulating the receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Specifically, bethanechol acts on muscarinic receptors, which are found in smooth muscle tissue, glands, and the central nervous system. 
  • bethanechol’s primary mechanism of action stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, which regulates many bodily functions, including digestion, urination, and heart rate. By activating muscarinic receptors, bethanechol can cause increased contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, leading to increased urinary output and enhanced gastrointestinal motility. 
  • bethanechol has a relatively narrow spectrum of activity and is primarily used to treat urinary retention or dysfunction caused by a lack of bladder contractility. It may also stimulate gastrointestinal motility in patients with certain conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or postoperative ileus. bethanechol is impractical for treating urinary retention caused by an obstruction, such as an enlarged prostate or urethral stricture. 

DRUG INTERACTION

bethanechol

&

  • nivolumab and relatlimab
  • relatlimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • benzalkonium chloride/benzocaine
  • ketotifen, drug-eluting contact lens
  • calcitriol topical
  • oxymetazoline topical
  • alclometasone topical
  • capsaicin topical
  • diclofenac/misoprostol
  • diclofenac ophthalmic
  • diclofenac topical
  • pramoxine/calamine topical
  • veverimer(Pending FDA approval)
  • tolazoline
  • olopatadine ophthalmic
  • lutetium lu 177-dota-tate
  • lutetium lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan
  • strontium 89 chloride
  • interferon alfa n3
  • lutetium Lu 177- Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic acid-omburtamab (FDA Approval Pending)
  • samarium sm 153 lexidronam
  • cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CMV IG)
  • antithymocyte globulin rabbit
  • inolimomab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • olopatadine intranasal
  • olopatadine intranasal/​mometasone, intranasal
  • benzocaine/butamben/tetracaine topical
  • antipyrine/benzocaine/phenylephrine
  • dyclonine/menthol
  • surufatinib
  • fruquintinib
  • tepotinib 
  • dostarlimab
  • hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
  • remestemcel-L
  • benzocaine/menthol oropharyngeal
  • interferon beta 1b
  • tetracaine/oxymetazoline intranasal
  • benzocaine oropharyngeal
  • benzalkonium chloride/menthol/petrolatum topical
  • inamrinone
  • alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
  • potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate
  • potassium phosphate/sodium acid phosphate
  • asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi recombinant
  • motixafortide
  • pegloticase
  • etesevimab
  • Rho(D) immune globulin
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
  • reltecimod (pending FDA approval)
  • avasopasem
  • trimethoprim/polymyxin B ophthalmic
  • naphazoline ophthalmic
  • sulfacetamide topical
  • sirolimus intravitreal (pending FDA approval)
  • sirolimus protein bound
  • sirolimus topical
  • glycopyrronium tosylate topical
  • sofpironium
  • olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide
  • dovitinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • epinephrine inhaled
  • quizartinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ranibizumab intravitreal injection
  • sodium hyaluronate
  • bacitracin and lidocaine topical
  • brimonidine topical
  • benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin topical
  • talquetamab
  • betrixaban
  • acetaminophen/caffeine/pyrilamine
  • fentanyl transmucosal
  • bacitracin topical
  • buprenorphine,long-acting injection
  • buprenorphine buccal
  • nalmefene intranasal
  • sulbactam/durlobactam
  • metronidazole topical 
  • daratumumab/hyaluronidase
  • glofitamab
  • rituximab-hyaluronidase
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate
  • loncastuximab tesirine
  • ingenol mebutate topical
  • momelotinib
  • trastuzumab/deruxtecan
  • trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • trastuzumab duocarmazine
  • lifileucel
  • umbralisib
  • eflornithine/sulindac
  • cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal
  • doxorubicin liposomal
  • epcoritamab
  • lanadelumab  
  • esomeprazole/naproxen 
  • terbinafine topical
  • ravulizumab
  • clotrimazole topical
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • tacrolimus ointment
  • mechlorethamine topical
  • donislecel
  • pozelimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • rabies immune globulin, human (RIG)
  • melphalan flufenamide
  • sintilimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • oportuzumab monatox (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sotorasib
  • irinotecan liposomal
  • sulfur topical
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • capsaicin transdermal
  • sutimlimab
  • tretinoin topical
  • acetaminophen rectal
  • menthol topical
  • naftifine
  • oatmeal, colloidal topical
  • oxiconazole
  • methylsalicylate/menthol topical
  • C1 inhibitor human
  • lifitegrast ophthalmic
  • prednisolone/sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • mannitol inhalation
  • ofloxacin otic
  • petrolatum & mineral oil topical
  • clascoterone topical
  • gefapixant (Pending FDA Approval)
  • colesevelam
  • technetium Tc 99m succimer
  • nebivolol/valsartan
  • ciprofloxacin/fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • finafloxacin otic
  • magnesium hydroxide/mineral oil
  • phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum rectal
  • carbamide peroxide oral
  • atropine ophthalmic
  • sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur
  • sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • lucinactant
  • benzonatate
  • besifloxacin ophthalmic
  • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • beractant
  • trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
  • vitamin b2
  • carbamide peroxide otic
  • mineral oil topical
  • ethyl alcohol intranasal
  • boric acid/alcohol otic
  • absorbable gelatin compressed sponge, USP
  • absorbable gelatin sponge, USP
  • vincristine liposomal
  • technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated injection
  • metaproterenol
  • budesonide inhaled/formoterol/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • epinephrine racemic
  • umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled
  • indacaterol, inhaled/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • betaine  
  • laronidase 
  • estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            
  • cerliponase alfa
  • ertugliflozin/sitagliptin
  • hawthorn
  • shepherd’s purse
  • thiamine
  • naphazoline/glycerin ophthalmic
  • oxymetazoline ophthalmic
  • dorzolamide
  • dexamethasone intraocular
  • dexamethasone/ciprofloxacin
  • dexamethasone ophthalmic
  • metipranolol ophthalmic
  • timolol ophthalmic
  • boron
  • fezolinetant
  • pegunigalsidase alfa-iwxj
  • biotin
  • pantothenic acid
  • silicon
  • sodium acid phosphate
  • hypochlorous acid topical
  • methenamine/sodium acid phosphate
  • aviptadil 
  • bremelanotide
  • glucagon intranasal
  • metformin and repaglinide
  • bai ji
  • pau d’arco
  • juzentaihoto
  • mistletoe
  • quercetin
  • rosemary
  • sheng di huang
  • chasteberry
  • maitake
  • grapefruit
  • lentinan
  • juniper
  • nettle
  • parsley
  • rose hips
  • tongkat ali
  • horny goat weed
  • damiana
  • yohimbe
  • insulin NPH
  • aprocitentan
  • noni Juice
  • sodium iodide I-131
  • green tea
  • sea cucumber
  • wheat germ extract
  • fenofibrate micronized 
  • rogisen
  • danshen
  • lutein
  • witch hazel
  • dextroamphetamine transdermal
  • amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
  • hoodia
  • kolanut
  • boswellia
  • opuntia ficus indica
  • lavender
  • nadh
  • tea tree oil
  • metformin/sitagliptin 
  • dapagliflozin/ metformin/saxagliptin  
  • antihemophilic factor recombinant
  • inclisiran
  • bempedoic acid/ezetimibe
  • volanesorsen  
  • omega 3 carboxylic acids
  • pericyazine
  • levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
  • betaxolol ophthalmic
  • respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
  • alirocumab
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
  • factor IX
  • gentamicin topical
  • ansofaxine (Pending FDA Approval)
  • zuranolone (Pending FDA Approval)
  • factor IX, recombinant
  • factor IX complex
  • factor XIII A-subunit, recombinant
  • factor X, human
  • mesalamine rectal
  • etrasimod
  • anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
  • factor IX, recombinant/albumin fusion protein
  • fibrinogen, human
  • aminocaproic acid
  • metyrosine
  • nonoxynol-9 vaginal
  • progesterone intravaginal gel
  • ipecac syrup
  • botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent
  • pentetate calcium trisodium
  • crotalidae polyvalent immune FAB (ovine)
  • dehydrated alcohol injection 
  • gold sodium thiomalate (Discontinued)
  • lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate vaginal
  • von Willebrand factor, recombinant
  • luspatercept
  • digoxin immune FAB (Antidote)
  • crotalidae immune FAB (equine)
  • magnesium (Antidote)
  • pyridoxine (Antidote)
  • edetate calcium disodium
  • albumin IV
  • nitroglycerin sublingual
  • obiltoxaximab
  • anthrax immune globulin
  • nitroglycerin topical
  • dextrose
  • nesiritide
  • estradiol vaginal
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • botulism immune globulin iv
  • amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
  • synthetic human angiotensin II
  • nitroglycerin IV
  • nitroglycerin translingual
  • nitroprusside sodium
  • tetrahydrozoline/zinc sulfate/hypromellose ophthalmic
  • sodium citrate/citric acid
  • pemetrexate
  • methicillin
  • plasminogen 
  • acai
  • american ginseng
  • cordyceps
  • tramadol/acetaminophen
  • belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital
  • erythromycin topical/benzoyl peroxide
  • glucosamine sulfate
  • panax ginseng (suppl/herb)
  • tolnaftate
  • sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • sotrovimab
  • arbaclofen
  • rifampin/isoniazid
  • clindamycin /tretinoin topical
  • benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical
  • apremilast
  • antivenins, centuroides (scorpion)
  • bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • vilobelimab
  • gadobenate
  • pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • methylsalicylate/menthol/camphor topical
  • antivenin, black widow spider
  • benzoyl peroxide and hydrocortisone
  • clindamycin topical
  • isometheptene, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen
  • acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
  • erythromycin topical
  • erythromycin ophthalmic
  • alpha hydroxy acids, topical
  • buprenorphine transdermal
  • butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine
  • buprenorphine/samidorphan
  • buprenorphine subdermal implant
  • celecoxib/tramadol
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
  • resorcinol/sulfur
  • eflornithine
  • rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
  • tofersen
  • devil’s claw
  • ticarcillin/clavulanate
  • atropine/pralidoxime
  • aprepitant
  • suramin
  • phenelzine 
  • artichoke
  • american dogwood
  • attapulgite
  • atlantic cedar
  • axalimogene filolisbac
  • sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitrite
  • ataluren
  • omidubicel-onlv
  • capsicum
  • ginger
  • cryoprecipitate
  • bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • fo-ti
  • siberian ginseng
  • granulocytes
  • zinc substituted heme C
  • zinc trihydroxide
  • ashwagandha 
  • cat’s claw
  • glandular products
  • SAMe
  • shark cartilage
  • altovis
  • feverfew
  • horse chestnut
  • magnesium aspartate
  • octacosanol
  • pleurisy root
  • star anise
  • butterbur
  • elderberry
  • licorice (Suppl/herb)
  • aconite
  • pentetate zinc trisodium
  • menthol topical/zinc oxide topical
  • corn-starch/kaolin/zinc oxide topical
  • 5-htp
  • butcher’s broom
  • articulin
  • bearberry
  • goldenrod
  • progesterone, natural
  • black cohosh
  • wild yam
  • cranberry
  • dong quai
  • phytoestrogens
  • norethindrone
  • false Unicorn Root
  • raspberry Leaf
  • asafoetida
  • turmeric
  • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • hyaluronan
  • aliskiren/amlodipine
  • octreotide (Antidote)
  • tranexamic acid injection
  • duocal
  • neocate infant formula
  • pediatric Eo28
  • aloe
  • red clover
  • propolis
  • androstenedione
  • heartsease
  • comfrey
  • bilberry
  • chamomile
  • eyebright
  • calendula
  • sage
  • yucca
  • polypody
  • odevixibat
  • vinpocetine
  • olanzapine/samidorphan
  • creatine
  • yerba mate
  • spesolimab
  • azficel-T
  • tiludronate
  • estetrol and drospirenone
  • pseudoephedrine/fexofenadine
  • lincomycin
  • neomycin oral
  • fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • tretinoin/ hydroquinone/ fluocinolone
  • halobetasol topical
  • hydrocortisone/​iodoquinol
  • penicillin G procaine /penicillin G benzathine
  • hydrocortisone probutate topical
  • colistin/neomycin/hydrocortisone/thonzonium otic
  • ebola zaire vaccine
  • hepatitis a/​b vaccine
  • vibegron
  • lindane
  • nystatin topical
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
  • chikungunya vaccine
  • tenecteplase
  • reteplase
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted
  • meningococcal ABCWY pentavalent vaccine
  • eculizumab
  • cholestyramine
  • tinzaparin
  • taurolidine/​citrate/​heparin
  • protein C concentrate
  • antithrombin alfa
  • antithrombin III
  • multivitamins, vision
  • ibuprofen/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/ibuprofen
  • ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine
  • paclitaxel protein-bound
  • acetic acid vaginal
  • acetic acid otic
  • hydrocodone/ ibuprofen
  • methyl salicylate / isopropanol/ citronellyl acetate/ citric acid
  • ibuprofen and phenylephrine
  • acetylcysteine (Antidote)
  • iron/​folic acid/​vitamin/​mineral
  • iobenguane I-131
  • dolutegravir/rilpivirine
  • chlorhexidine topical
  • chlorhexidine oral
  • thyroid desiccated
  • proparacaine ophthalmic
  • podophyllum resin
  • phendimetrazine
  • phenoxybenzamine
  • polidocanol
  • phentermine and topiramate
  • piflufolastat F18
  • piperacillin/tazobactam
  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose (antidote)
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate sodium injection
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine ophthalmic
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline nasal
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • verteporfin
  • omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
  • magnesium silicate
  • potassium perchlorate
  • torasemide
  • adenosine
  • cimetidine
  • fluconazole
  • potassium sulfate
  • toremifene
  • agomelatine
  • cinacalcet
  • flucytosine
  • magnesium trisilicate
  • tositumomab
  • albendazole
  • cinnarizine
  • fludeoxyglucose (18f)
  • mangafodipir
  • pralidoxime
  • trabectedin
  • albiglutide
  • cinoxacin
  • fludrocortisone
  • manidipine
  • pralsetinib
  • tramadol
  • albutrepenonacog alfa
  • ciprofibrate
  • fluindione
  • mannitol
  • pramipexole
  • trametinib
  • alclofenac
  • cisapride
  • flumazenil
  • maprotiline
  • pramlintide
  • trandolapril
  • aldesleukin
  • cisplatin
  • flumethasone
  • maraviroc
  • prasugrel
  • trastuzumab emtansine
  • alectinib
  • citalopram
  • flunarizine
  • maribavir
  • pravastatin
  • trazodone
  • alendronic acid
  • cladribine
  • flunisolide
  • mebeverine
  • prazepamb
  • treprostinil
  • alfentanil
  • clarithromycin
  • flunitrazepam
  • mecamylamine
  • praziquantel
  • tretinoin
  • alfuzosin
  • clemastine
  • fluocinolone acetonide
  • mecasermin
  • prednisolone
  • triamcinolone
  • alimemazine
  • clevidipine
  • fluocinonide
  • meclofenamic acid
  • prednisolone acetate
  • triamterene
  • aliskiren
  • clindamycin
  • fluocortolone
  • medrogestone
  • prednisolone phosphate
  • triazolam
  • allopurinol
  • clobazam
  • fluorouracil
  • medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • prednisone (Rx)
  • trichlormethiazide
  • almasilate
  • clobetasol propionate
  • fluoxetine
  • mefenamic acid
  • prednisone acetate
  • triclabendazole
  • almotriptan
bethanechol + 

labetalol 

may increase the risk of adverse effects

labetalol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

donepezil (Rx)

may increase the toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

prabotulinumtoxinA

may increase the toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

propranolol

may increase the toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

cimetropium 

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

pilocarpine

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

nicotine intranasal

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

methacholine

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

carbachol

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

mirabegron

may increase the risk of adverse effects

penbutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

levalbuterol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

acebutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

penbutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

pindolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

propranolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

galantamine

it may increase the risk of adverse effects of cholinergic agonists

donepezil transdermal

it may enhance the risk of adverse effects of Cholinergic Agonists

donepezil (Rx)

it may enhance the risk of adverse effects of Cholinergic Agonists

memantine/donepezil

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

donepezil (Rx)

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

donepezil transdermal

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

carbaryl

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

rivastigmine

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

levalbuterol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

acebutolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

betaxolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

bisoprolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

carvedilol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

metoprolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

nebivolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

penbutolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

levalbuterol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

acebutolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

penbutolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

pindolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

propranolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

carteolol ophthalmic 

may decrease the toxic effect of beta blockers

levalbuterol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

acebutolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

betaxolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

bisoprolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

carvedilol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

propranolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol 

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

fexofenadine 

may increase the toxic effect of anti-cholinergic agents

mirabegron

may increase the risk of adverse effect

penbutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effect

esmolol

may increase the risk of adverse effect

metoprolol

may increase the risk of adverse effect

 

Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet 

5mg  

10mg  

25mg  

50mg  

Urinary Retention

10 - 50

mg

Orally

once a day

or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Off-label: 25 mg orally once a day or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



Urinary Retention 

10 - 50

mg

Orally 

thrice a day


50-100 mg orally twice a day may be needed for certain patients
Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 

25mg orally four times a day. Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



 

Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet 

5mg  

10mg  

25mg  

50mg  

Urinary Retention

Off-label: 0.3-0.6 mg/kg orally once a day or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Off-label: 0.3-0.6 mg/kg orally once a day or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



Urinary Retention 

0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg/day orally every 6 to 8 hours
Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 

0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg/day orally every 6 to 8 hours
Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



 

Refer adult dosing 

Frequency not defined 

Belching 

Bronchial constriction 

Flushing 

Headache 

Lacrimation 

Nausea 

Salivation 

Abdominal cramps 

Borborygmi colicky pain 

Diarrhea 

Increased gastric motility 

Hypotension 

Miosis 

Vomiting 

Urinary urgency 

Contraindications/caution: 

Contraindications: 

  • Hypersensitivity to bethanechol or its components: Patients allergic to bethanechol or its ingredients should not use this medication. 
  • Asthma: bethanechol can cause bronchial constriction, worsening asthma symptoms in patients with this condition. 
  • Peptic ulcer disease: bethanechol can increase gastric acid secretion and worsen the disease. 
  • Intestinal or urinary tract obstruction: bethanechol can increase smooth muscle contractions, worsening urinary or gastrointestinal tract obstruction. 
  • Hyperthyroidism: bethanechol can worsen symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including tachycardia, hypertension, and anxiety. 
  • Epilepsy: bethanechol can lower the seizure threshold and increase the risk of seizures in patients with epilepsy. 
  • Parkinson’s disease: bethanechol can worsen symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, including tremors and rigidity.

Caution: 

  • Cardiovascular disease: bethanechol can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure), which can be dangerous in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. 
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): bethanechol can cause bronchial constriction, worsening symptoms in COPD patients. 
  • Gastrointestinal disorders: bethanechol can increase gastric acid secretion and exacerbate symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux. 
  • Urinary tract disorders: bethanechol can increase urinary frequency and urgency, which can be problematic in patients with urinary incontinence or other disorders. 
  • Pregnancy and breast-feeding: bethanechol should only be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding if the benefits outweigh the risks, as its safety in these populations has not been well established. 
  • Renal or hepatic impairment: bethanechol is primarily eliminated by the kidneys and liver, so caution should be used when administering this medication to patients with impaired renal or hepatic function. 

Pregnancy consideration: C 

Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknown 

Pregnancy category: 

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.   

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

Pharmacology: 

bethanechol is a cholinergic agonist that acts primarily on muscarinic receptors. When administered, bethanechol binds to and activates muscarinic receptors in various smooth muscle tissues, including the bladder and gastrointestinal tract. This leads to increased contractions and enhanced motility in these organs 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamics of bethanechol is based on its ability to activate muscarinic receptors in various smooth muscle tissues. When bethanechol binds to muscarinic receptors, it causes the following effects: 

  • Increased contraction of smooth muscle: bethanechol stimulates muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, leading to increased contractions of these organs. 
  • Increased glandular secretion: bethanechol stimulates muscarinic receptors in the salivary and sweat glands, leading to increased secretion of saliva and sweat. 
  • Cardiovascular effects: bethanechol can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure) due to its effects on muscarinic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. 
  • CNS effects: Although bethanechol does not cross the blood-brain barrier, it can still cause some CNS effects, such as increased arousal and anxiety. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

bethanechol is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 60-90 minutes. However, its bioavailability is low, ranging from 5-25%, due to extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. 

Distribution 

bethanechol has a low volume of distribution, indicating that it is primarily confined to the extracellular fluid. It does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. 

Metabolism 

Acetylcholinesterase primarily metabolizes bethanechol in the liver, hydrolyzing it to its inactive metabolite, choline. It has a relatively short half-life of approximately 1.5 hours. 

Elimination and Excretion 

bethanechol and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine, with approximately 50-60% of a dose eliminated within 24 hours. It is not known to undergo significant enterohepatic circulation. 

Administration: 

Oral administration: 

Administer the medication two hours before or after a meal 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: bethanechol 

Pronounced: [ be-THAN-e-chol ] 

Why do we use bethanechol? 

bethanechol is primarily used to treat urinary retention and certain gastrointestinal motility disorders. Here are some of the specific uses of bethanechol: 

  • Urinary retention: bethanechol treats acute and chronic urinary retention, which is the inability to empty the bladder. It works by increasing the contraction of the detrusor muscle in the bladder, which helps to expel urine. 
  • Gastrointestinal motility disorders: bethanechol is sometimes used to treat certain gastrointestinal motility disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and delayed gastric emptying. It works by increasing smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal tract, which promotes motility and emptying of the stomach and intestines. 
  • Diagnostic purposes: bethanechol can also be used as a diagnostic tool to assess bladder function in patients with suspected neurogenic bladder dysfunction. 

ADVERTISEMENT 

bethanechol

Brand Name :

Urecholine, Duvoid

Synonyms :

bethanechol

Class :

Cholinergic Agonist, Genitourinary Agent




No data available for drug.

Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet 

5mg  

10mg  

25mg  

50mg  

urinary Retention

10 - 50

mg

Orally

once a day

or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Off-label: 25 mg orally once a day or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



urinary Retention 

10 - 50

mg

Orally 

thrice a day


50-100 mg orally twice a day may be needed for certain patients
Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 

25mg orally four times a day. Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



Dosage Forms & Strengths 

Tablet 

5mg  

10mg  

25mg  

50mg  

urinary Retention

Off-label: 0.3-0.6 mg/kg orally once a day or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Off-label: 0.3-0.6 mg/kg orally once a day or divided 3-4 times a day
Take 2 hours after meals or 1 hour before meals



urinary Retention 

0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg/day orally every 6 to 8 hours
Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 

0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg/day orally every 6 to 8 hours
Take 1 hour before the meals or 2 hours later the meal



Refer adult dosing 

DRUG INTERACTION

bethanechol

&

  • nivolumab and relatlimab
  • relatlimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • benzalkonium chloride/benzocaine
  • ketotifen, drug-eluting contact lens
  • calcitriol topical
  • oxymetazoline topical
  • alclometasone topical
  • capsaicin topical
  • diclofenac/misoprostol
  • diclofenac ophthalmic
  • diclofenac topical
  • pramoxine/calamine topical
  • veverimer(Pending FDA approval)
  • tolazoline
  • olopatadine ophthalmic
  • lutetium lu 177-dota-tate
  • lutetium lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan
  • strontium 89 chloride
  • interferon alfa n3
  • lutetium Lu 177- Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic acid-omburtamab (FDA Approval Pending)
  • samarium sm 153 lexidronam
  • cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CMV IG)
  • antithymocyte globulin rabbit
  • inolimomab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • olopatadine intranasal
  • olopatadine intranasal/​mometasone, intranasal
  • benzocaine/butamben/tetracaine topical
  • antipyrine/benzocaine/phenylephrine
  • dyclonine/menthol
  • surufatinib
  • fruquintinib
  • tepotinib 
  • dostarlimab
  • hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
  • remestemcel-L
  • benzocaine/menthol oropharyngeal
  • interferon beta 1b
  • tetracaine/oxymetazoline intranasal
  • benzocaine oropharyngeal
  • benzalkonium chloride/menthol/petrolatum topical
  • inamrinone
  • alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor
  • potassium bicarbonate/potassium citrate
  • potassium phosphate/sodium acid phosphate
  • asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi recombinant
  • motixafortide
  • pegloticase
  • etesevimab
  • Rho(D) immune globulin
  • tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
  • reltecimod (pending FDA approval)
  • avasopasem
  • trimethoprim/polymyxin B ophthalmic
  • naphazoline ophthalmic
  • sulfacetamide topical
  • sirolimus intravitreal (pending FDA approval)
  • sirolimus protein bound
  • sirolimus topical
  • glycopyrronium tosylate topical
  • sofpironium
  • olmesartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide
  • dovitinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • epinephrine inhaled
  • quizartinib (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ranibizumab intravitreal injection
  • sodium hyaluronate
  • bacitracin and lidocaine topical
  • brimonidine topical
  • benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin topical
  • talquetamab
  • betrixaban
  • acetaminophen/caffeine/pyrilamine
  • fentanyl transmucosal
  • bacitracin topical
  • buprenorphine,long-acting injection
  • buprenorphine buccal
  • nalmefene intranasal
  • sulbactam/durlobactam
  • metronidazole topical 
  • daratumumab/hyaluronidase
  • glofitamab
  • rituximab-hyaluronidase
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol/levomefolate
  • loncastuximab tesirine
  • ingenol mebutate topical
  • momelotinib
  • trastuzumab/deruxtecan
  • trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • trastuzumab duocarmazine
  • lifileucel
  • umbralisib
  • eflornithine/sulindac
  • cytarabine/daunorubicin liposomal
  • doxorubicin liposomal
  • epcoritamab
  • lanadelumab  
  • esomeprazole/naproxen 
  • terbinafine topical
  • ravulizumab
  • clotrimazole topical
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • tacrolimus ointment
  • mechlorethamine topical
  • donislecel
  • pozelimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • rabies immune globulin, human (RIG)
  • melphalan flufenamide
  • sintilimab (Pending FDA Approval)
  • oportuzumab monatox (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sotorasib
  • irinotecan liposomal
  • sulfur topical
  • silver sulfadiazine
  • capsaicin transdermal
  • sutimlimab
  • tretinoin topical
  • acetaminophen rectal
  • menthol topical
  • naftifine
  • oatmeal, colloidal topical
  • oxiconazole
  • methylsalicylate/menthol topical
  • C1 inhibitor human
  • lifitegrast ophthalmic
  • prednisolone/sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • mannitol inhalation
  • ofloxacin otic
  • petrolatum & mineral oil topical
  • clascoterone topical
  • gefapixant (Pending FDA Approval)
  • colesevelam
  • technetium Tc 99m succimer
  • nebivolol/valsartan
  • ciprofloxacin/fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • finafloxacin otic
  • magnesium hydroxide/mineral oil
  • phenylephrine/mineral oil/petrolatum rectal
  • carbamide peroxide oral
  • atropine ophthalmic
  • sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur
  • sulfacetamide ophthalmic
  • lucinactant
  • benzonatate
  • besifloxacin ophthalmic
  • benzhydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • beractant
  • trimagnesium citrate anhydrous
  • vitamin b2
  • carbamide peroxide otic
  • mineral oil topical
  • ethyl alcohol intranasal
  • boric acid/alcohol otic
  • absorbable gelatin compressed sponge, USP
  • absorbable gelatin sponge, USP
  • vincristine liposomal
  • technetium Tc 99m albumin aggregated injection
  • metaproterenol
  • budesonide inhaled/formoterol/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • epinephrine racemic
  • umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol inhaled
  • indacaterol, inhaled/glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • betaine  
  • laronidase 
  • estrogens esterified/methyltestosterone            
  • cerliponase alfa
  • ertugliflozin/sitagliptin
  • hawthorn
  • shepherd’s purse
  • thiamine
  • naphazoline/glycerin ophthalmic
  • oxymetazoline ophthalmic
  • dorzolamide
  • dexamethasone intraocular
  • dexamethasone/ciprofloxacin
  • dexamethasone ophthalmic
  • metipranolol ophthalmic
  • timolol ophthalmic
  • boron
  • fezolinetant
  • pegunigalsidase alfa-iwxj
  • biotin
  • pantothenic acid
  • silicon
  • sodium acid phosphate
  • hypochlorous acid topical
  • methenamine/sodium acid phosphate
  • aviptadil 
  • bremelanotide
  • glucagon intranasal
  • metformin and repaglinide
  • bai ji
  • pau d’arco
  • juzentaihoto
  • mistletoe
  • quercetin
  • rosemary
  • sheng di huang
  • chasteberry
  • maitake
  • grapefruit
  • lentinan
  • juniper
  • nettle
  • parsley
  • rose hips
  • tongkat ali
  • horny goat weed
  • damiana
  • yohimbe
  • insulin NPH
  • aprocitentan
  • noni Juice
  • sodium iodide I-131
  • green tea
  • sea cucumber
  • wheat germ extract
  • fenofibrate micronized 
  • rogisen
  • danshen
  • lutein
  • witch hazel
  • dextroamphetamine transdermal
  • amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
  • hoodia
  • kolanut
  • boswellia
  • opuntia ficus indica
  • lavender
  • nadh
  • tea tree oil
  • metformin/sitagliptin 
  • dapagliflozin/ metformin/saxagliptin  
  • antihemophilic factor recombinant
  • inclisiran
  • bempedoic acid/ezetimibe
  • volanesorsen  
  • omega 3 carboxylic acids
  • pericyazine
  • levomepromazine (methotrimeprazine)
  • betaxolol ophthalmic
  • respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted
  • phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
  • alirocumab
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/gramicidin ophthalmic
  • factor IX
  • gentamicin topical
  • ansofaxine (Pending FDA Approval)
  • zuranolone (Pending FDA Approval)
  • factor IX, recombinant
  • factor IX complex
  • factor XIII A-subunit, recombinant
  • factor X, human
  • mesalamine rectal
  • etrasimod
  • anti-inhibitor coagulant complex
  • factor IX, recombinant/albumin fusion protein
  • fibrinogen, human
  • aminocaproic acid
  • metyrosine
  • nonoxynol-9 vaginal
  • progesterone intravaginal gel
  • ipecac syrup
  • botulinum antitoxin, heptavalent
  • pentetate calcium trisodium
  • crotalidae polyvalent immune FAB (ovine)
  • dehydrated alcohol injection 
  • gold sodium thiomalate (Discontinued)
  • lactic acid/citric acid/potassium bitartrate vaginal
  • von Willebrand factor, recombinant
  • luspatercept
  • digoxin immune FAB (Antidote)
  • crotalidae immune FAB (equine)
  • magnesium (Antidote)
  • pyridoxine (Antidote)
  • edetate calcium disodium
  • albumin IV
  • nitroglycerin sublingual
  • obiltoxaximab
  • anthrax immune globulin
  • nitroglycerin topical
  • dextrose
  • nesiritide
  • estradiol vaginal
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • botulism immune globulin iv
  • amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
  • synthetic human angiotensin II
  • nitroglycerin IV
  • nitroglycerin translingual
  • nitroprusside sodium
  • tetrahydrozoline/zinc sulfate/hypromellose ophthalmic
  • sodium citrate/citric acid
  • pemetrexate
  • methicillin
  • plasminogen 
  • acai
  • american ginseng
  • cordyceps
  • tramadol/acetaminophen
  • belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital
  • erythromycin topical/benzoyl peroxide
  • glucosamine sulfate
  • panax ginseng (suppl/herb)
  • tolnaftate
  • sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (Pending FDA Approval)
  • sulfur hexafluoride
  • sotrovimab
  • arbaclofen
  • rifampin/isoniazid
  • clindamycin /tretinoin topical
  • benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical
  • apremilast
  • antivenins, centuroides (scorpion)
  • bamlanivimab and etesevimab
  • vilobelimab
  • gadobenate
  • pentosan polysulfate sodium
  • methylsalicylate/menthol/camphor topical
  • antivenin, black widow spider
  • benzoyl peroxide and hydrocortisone
  • clindamycin topical
  • isometheptene, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen
  • acetaminophen and phenyltoloxamine
  • erythromycin topical
  • erythromycin ophthalmic
  • alpha hydroxy acids, topical
  • buprenorphine transdermal
  • butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine
  • buprenorphine/samidorphan
  • buprenorphine subdermal implant
  • celecoxib/tramadol
  • drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol
  • resorcinol/sulfur
  • eflornithine
  • rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
  • tofersen
  • devil’s claw
  • ticarcillin/clavulanate
  • atropine/pralidoxime
  • aprepitant
  • suramin
  • phenelzine 
  • artichoke
  • american dogwood
  • attapulgite
  • atlantic cedar
  • axalimogene filolisbac
  • sodium thiosulfate & sodium nitrite
  • ataluren
  • omidubicel-onlv
  • capsicum
  • ginger
  • cryoprecipitate
  • bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • emtricitabine/tenofovir DF
  • fo-ti
  • siberian ginseng
  • granulocytes
  • zinc substituted heme C
  • zinc trihydroxide
  • ashwagandha 
  • cat’s claw
  • glandular products
  • SAMe
  • shark cartilage
  • altovis
  • feverfew
  • horse chestnut
  • magnesium aspartate
  • octacosanol
  • pleurisy root
  • star anise
  • butterbur
  • elderberry
  • licorice (Suppl/herb)
  • aconite
  • pentetate zinc trisodium
  • menthol topical/zinc oxide topical
  • corn-starch/kaolin/zinc oxide topical
  • 5-htp
  • butcher’s broom
  • articulin
  • bearberry
  • goldenrod
  • progesterone, natural
  • black cohosh
  • wild yam
  • cranberry
  • dong quai
  • phytoestrogens
  • norethindrone
  • false Unicorn Root
  • raspberry Leaf
  • asafoetida
  • turmeric
  • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
  • hyaluronan
  • aliskiren/amlodipine
  • octreotide (Antidote)
  • tranexamic acid injection
  • duocal
  • neocate infant formula
  • pediatric Eo28
  • aloe
  • red clover
  • propolis
  • androstenedione
  • heartsease
  • comfrey
  • bilberry
  • chamomile
  • eyebright
  • calendula
  • sage
  • yucca
  • polypody
  • odevixibat
  • vinpocetine
  • olanzapine/samidorphan
  • creatine
  • yerba mate
  • spesolimab
  • azficel-T
  • tiludronate
  • estetrol and drospirenone
  • pseudoephedrine/fexofenadine
  • lincomycin
  • neomycin oral
  • fluocinolone acetonide, otic
  • tretinoin/ hydroquinone/ fluocinolone
  • halobetasol topical
  • hydrocortisone/​iodoquinol
  • penicillin G procaine /penicillin G benzathine
  • hydrocortisone probutate topical
  • colistin/neomycin/hydrocortisone/thonzonium otic
  • ebola zaire vaccine
  • hepatitis a/​b vaccine
  • vibegron
  • lindane
  • nystatin topical
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine
  • chikungunya vaccine
  • tenecteplase
  • reteplase
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted
  • meningococcal ABCWY pentavalent vaccine
  • eculizumab
  • cholestyramine
  • tinzaparin
  • taurolidine/​citrate/​heparin
  • protein C concentrate
  • antithrombin alfa
  • antithrombin III
  • multivitamins, vision
  • ibuprofen/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/ibuprofen
  • ibuprofen/pseudoephedrine
  • paclitaxel protein-bound
  • acetic acid vaginal
  • acetic acid otic
  • hydrocodone/ ibuprofen
  • methyl salicylate / isopropanol/ citronellyl acetate/ citric acid
  • ibuprofen and phenylephrine
  • acetylcysteine (Antidote)
  • iron/​folic acid/​vitamin/​mineral
  • iobenguane I-131
  • dolutegravir/rilpivirine
  • chlorhexidine topical
  • chlorhexidine oral
  • thyroid desiccated
  • proparacaine ophthalmic
  • podophyllum resin
  • phendimetrazine
  • phenoxybenzamine
  • polidocanol
  • phentermine and topiramate
  • piflufolastat F18
  • piperacillin/tazobactam
  • prednisolone and gentamicin ophthalmic
  • promethazine and codeine
  • poractant alfa
  • protamine sulfate
  • aflibercept intravitreal
  • prednicarbate
  • promethazine/dextromethorphan
  • codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazine
  • potassium phosphate
  • glatiramer acetate
  • gentamicin (Ophthalmic)
  • leniolisib
  • rezafungin
  • fluorometholone
  • dalfampridine
  • hydrocortisone topical 
  • empagliflozin and linagliptin
  • triamcinolone topical
  • minocycline topical
  • minocycline dental
  • ketotifen ophthalmic
  • darunavir and cobicistat
  • lidocaine topical
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin/lidocaine (OTC)
  • lidocaine/ hydrocortisone
  • lidocaine anesthetic
  • lidocaine ophthalmic
  • lidocaine/tetracaine
  • desonide
  • dabigatran
  • fexofenadine
  • fluoride
  • decitabine and cedazuridine
  • dasiglucagon
  • hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic
  • epoetin alfa
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan
  • trimethobenzamide
  • dexamethasone/ tobramycin
  • tafasitamab
  • valacyclovir
  • mebendazole
  • levoleucovorin
  • flaxseed
  • germanium
  • glutathione
  • lycopene
  • pygeum
  • horseradish
  • ziv-aflibercept
  • micafungin
  • trofinetide
  • taliglucerase alfa
  • tildrakizumab
  • sulopenem (Pending FDA Approval)
  • thyrotropin alfa
  • birch
  • thrombin, topical
  • tivozanib
  • tafluprost
  • methohexital
  • urea and hydrocortisone
  • unoprostone ophthalmic
  • trihexyphenidyl
  • ezetimibe
  • evolocumab
  • trifluridine and tipiracil
  • methenamine
  • misoprostol
  • miltefosine
  • rimantadine
  • maralixibat
  • coenzyme Q10
  • chlorella
  • garlic
  • forskolin
  • zavegepant
  • menotropins
  • margetuximab
  • meprobamate
  • melarsoprol
  • evening primrose oil
  • lemongrass
  • molindone
  • fenugreek
  • phytosterols
  • red yeast rice
  • uridine triacetate
  • tropicamide
  • incobotulinumtoxinA
  • Grape Seed Extract
  • carbachol ophthalmic
  • cosyntropin
  • cyclopentolate and phenylephrine
  • carteolol ophthalmic
  • pentazocine/naloxone
  • pentazocine/acetaminophen
  • casimersen
  • carisoprodol, aspirin, and codeine
  • carisoprodol
  • carboprost tromethamine
  • flurandrenolide
  • brinzolamide/brimonidine
  • betamethasone topical
  • omaveloxolone
  • bardoxolone
  • allogeneic processed thymus tissue
  • fluocinolone topical
  • tacrolimus topical
  • ruxolitnib topical
  • pimecrolimus topical
  • sofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir
  • sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
  • mitotane
  • elbasvir/​grazoprevir
  • wheat dextrin
  • vanadium
  • iron/folic acid/vitamin/mineral
  • molybdenum
  • sparsentan
  • velmanase alfa-tycv
  • pegcetacoplan
  • ferrous sulfate
  • cyclosporine ophthalmic
  • ferric pyrophosphate
  • ammonium lactate
  • etelcalcetide
  • iodoquinol
  • sucroferric oxyhydroxide
  • doxercalciferol
  • terconazole vaginal
  • cortisone
  • pyronaridine
  • tetrahydrozoline, ophthalmic
  • tenapanor
  • tesamorelin
  • benazepril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • nadolol and bendroflumethiazide
  • spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide
  • COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA
  • atosiban
  • bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide
  • ephedrine/guaifenesin
  • clonidine/chlorthalidone
  • captopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan
  • candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • ciclesonide intranasal
  • cromolyn sodium ophthalmic
  • methyldopa/hydrochlorothiazide
  • valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene
  • moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • mometasone/intranasal
  • ofloxacin ophthalmic
  • cysteamine
  • metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/olmesartan
  • eprosartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • amlodipine/telmisartan
  • hydrochlorothiazide/aliskiren
  • betamethasone/clotrimazole
  • telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide
  • benazepril/amlodipine
  • bezlotoxumab
  • propranolol/hydrochlorothiazide
  • bupropion/naltrexone
  • burosumab
  • acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution
  • bupivacaine and meloxicam
  • budesonide and formoterol (inhalation)
  • valerian
  • entacapone/levodopa/carbidopa
  • carbidopa/levodopa
  • calaspargase pegol
  • cabotegravir
  • cefixime
  • calfactant
  • brinzolamide
  • daprodustat
  • brimonidine and timolol
  • brodalumab
  • buprenorphine and naloxone
  • hydrocortisone acetic acid otic
  • butorphanol
  • butoconazole
  • adapalene and benzoyl peroxide
  • acrivastine and pseudoephedrine
  • neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • midodrine
  • baloxavir marboxil
  • bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone topical
  • avatrombopag
  • glucagon
  • atenolol/chlorthalidone
  • adefovir
  • activated charcoal
  • avalglucosidase alfa
  • aclidinium and formoterol
  • iclaprim (Pending FDA Approval)
  • ampicillin/sulbactam
  • quinupristin/dalfopristin
  • lamivudine/zidovudine/abacavir
  • acetaminophen and caffeine
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom
  • abacavir and lamivudine
  • anifrolumab
  • elacestrant
  • anidulafungin
  • acetohydroxamic acid
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • anthralin
  • pirtobrutinib
  • gabapentin
  • galsulfase
  • gadoterate meglumine
  • ferric gluconate
  • ferric derisomaltose
  • ethanolamine oleate
  • eteplirsen
  • vasopressin
  • desmopressin
  • meropenem/vaborbactam
  • ecallantide
  • econazole topical
  • dornase alfa
  • aspirin/dipyridamole
  • dipyridamole
  • difenoxin and atropine
  • diflorasone
  • difluprednate ophthalmic
  • eptinezumab
  • diethylpropion
  • dexchlorpheniramine
  • dexmethylphenidate
  • serdexmethylphenidate/​dexmethylphenidate
  • bexagliflozin
  • galcanezumab
  • fremanezumab
  • tapinarof topical
  • darifenacin
  • dalbavancin
  • darbepoetin alfa
  • azilsartan
  • colestipol
  • corticorelin
  • crotamiton
  • crofelemer
  • allogeneic cultured keratinocytes/fibroblasts in bovine collagen
  • tapentadol
  • cyclopentolate
  • polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
  • ketoconazole topical
  • tavaborole
  • tagraxofusp
  • crisaborole
  • crizanlizumab
  • satralizumab
  • spinosad
  • sacubitril/valsartan
  • sargramostim
  • sebelipase alfa
  • regadenoson
  • ribociclib/letrozole
  • ragweed allergen extract
  • radium-223 dichloride
  • secnidazole
  • setmelanotide
  • polycarbophil
  • plecanatide
  • sacituzumab govitecan
  • pertuzumab
  • pertuzumab/trastuzumab/hyaluronidase
  • pamidronate
  • halcinonide
  • glecaprevir/​pibrentasvir
  • glucarpidase
  • golodirsen
  • dextrose (antidote)
  • hexaminolevulinate
  • iohexol
  • ferric citrate
  • elapegademase
  • emicizumab
  • erenumab
  • danaparoid
  • dantrolene
  • eflapegrastim
  • edaravone
  • amcinonide
  • carglumic acid
  • alcaftadine ophthalmic
  • agalsidase beta
  • afamelanotide
  • fosdenopterin
  • lidocaine and chlorhexidine
  • levorphanol
  • calcifediol
  • factor VIIa, recombinant
  • triheptanoin
  • peanut oral allergen powder
  • teprotumumab
  • poly-L-lactic acid/carboxymethylcellulose/mannitol
  • xenon Xe 129 hyperpolarized
  • ublituximab
  • anacaulase
  • glatiramer
  • peginterferon beta-1a
  • interferon beta-1a
  • onabotulinumtoxinA
  • cycloserine
  • ethionamide
  • cabotegravir and rilpivirine
  • vericiguat
  • omidenepag isopropyl
  • azelastine/fluticasone intranasal
  • benzyl peroxide
  • vutrisiran
  • brimonidine
  • testosterone topical
  • lenacapavir
  • tebentafusp
  • mosunetuzumab
  • faricimab
  • ganirelix
  • nadofaragene firadenovec
  • ozenoxacin
  • guaifenesin
  • adagrasib
  • guselkumab
  • adalimumab-aacf
  • nonoxynol-9
  • nifurtimox
  • nusinersen
  • nitazoxanide
  • mavacamten
  • calcipotriene
  • bimatoprost
  • obinutuzumab
  • amifostine
  • oxycodone/​aspirin
  • oxycodone/ibuprofen
  • oteseconazole
  • oxychlorosene
  • porfimer
  • pramoxine /hydrocortisone topical
  • podofilox
  • quinapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • acetaminophen/pamabrom/pyrilamine
  • levobunolol
  • paregoric
  • idursulfase
  • lesinurad and allopurinol
  • latanoprost/​netarsudil ophthalmic
  • lactase enzyme
  • bioadherent oral
  • latanoprost and timolol
  • latanoprostene bunod
  • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
  • imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • hemin
  • deucravacitinib
  • house dust mite allergen extract
  • halobetasol topical/tazarotene
  • remimazolam
  • somatropin
  • remifentanil
  • ethotoin
  • etidronate
  • empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin
  • elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir AF
  • empagliflozin/​linagliptin
  • evinacumab
  • finasteride and tadalafil
  • flortaucipir (18F)
  • proparacaine/ fluorescein ophthalmic
  • fluorescein/benoxinate ophthalmic
  • fluphenazine
  • alogliptin/​metformin
  • alogliptin/pioglitazone
  • alitretinoin topical
  • dextrose/ sodium citrate/fructose
  • dasabuvir
  • ombitasvir​/paritaprevir/​ritonavir
  • hydrocodone/​chlorpheniramine/​pseudoephedrine
  • hydroxyamphetamine/​tropicamide
  • acamprosate
  • gadobutrol
  • teclistamab
  • tremelimumab
  • futibatinib
  • etranacogene dezaparvovec
  • olutasidenib
  • naproxen and diphenhydramine
  • naratriptan
  • gadopiclenol
  • gadoxetate
  • gadoversetamide
  • naphazoline/pheniramine
  • naphazoline
  • nalbuphine
  • vosoritide
  • vitamin K1 (phytonadione)
  • moxidectin
  • basiliximab
  • fecal microbiota, live-jslm
  • ibuprofen/famotidine
  • famotidine
  • raxibacumab
  • omalizumab
  • measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
  • senna/docusate
  • dinoprostone
  • measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
  • immune globulin IM (IGIM)
  • dyclonine
  • doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
  • elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
  • ivacaftor/tezacaftor
  • treosulfan
  • tranexamic acid
  • norethindrone acetate/​estradiol/​elagolix
  • artesunate
  • trientine
  • trifarotene
  • ziconotide
  • vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
  • pyrithione zinc
  • zinc oxide topical
  • naphazoline/​zinc sulfate/​glycerin ophthalmic
  • voretigene neparvovec
  • nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
  • bebetelovimab
  • sodium chloride
  • relugolix/​estradiol/​norethindrone
  • defibrotide
  • prothionamide
  • liraglutide
  • etilfrine
  • alpha-lipoic acid
  • ramosetron
  • olodaterol/tritropium
  • cimetropium
  • umeclidinium
  • itopride
  • secretin
  • naftopidil
  • trimeprazine
  • benperidol
  • chlormethiazole
  • multivitamins
  • secukinumab
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled and formoterol
  • amitriptyline and chlordiazepoxide
  • tirzepatide
  • relugolix/estradiol/norethindrone
  • mupirocin
  • alvimopan
  • chlordiazepoxide
  • insulin regular human
  • insulin aspart protamine/​insulin aspart
  • insulin isophane human/​insulin regular human
  • insulin degludec/insulin aspart
  • teplizumab
  • chlordiazepoxide/clidinium
  • aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid
  • aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicone
  • glycopyrrolate inhaled
  • olodaterol/tiotropium
  • umeclidinium bromide
  • timolol/dorzolamide
  • travoprost ophthalmic
  • loxapine
  • eptifibatide
  • hydrocodone/acetaminophen
  • omega 3 fatty acids
  • trandolapril/​verapamil
  • abciximab
  • artificial saliva
  • diphtheria, hepatitis B, pertussis (acellular), polio, and tetanus vaccine
  • diphtheria, haemophilus B, pertussis, polio, tetanus vaccine
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine/hepatitis b vaccine
  • butalbital/aspirin/caffeine 
  • colchicine/probenecid
  • atovaquone and proguanil
  • ursodiol
  • chenodiol
  • casirivimab/imdevimab
  • tixagevimab/cilgavimab
  • molnupiravir
  • bebtelovimab
  • calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybate
  • sodium oxybate
  • diphtheria, polio, pertussis acellular, tetanus vaccine
  • pseudoephedrine loratadine
  • sodium chloride nasal
  • hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • atorvastatin and ezetimibe
  • teriparatide
  • alendronate and cholecalciferol
  • alprostadil (IV)
  • romosozumab
  • risedronate
  • alendronate
  • glyburide/metformin
  • clorazepate
  • rosuvastatin/​ezetimibe
  • paclitaxel/encequidar
  • valsartan/amlodipine
  • enalapril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • enalapril and felodipine
  • amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide
  • triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide
  • lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide
  • tegaserod
  • rhein
  • ritanserin
  • sulfaphenazole
  • sulconazole
  • taurursodiol
  • bromeperidol
  • carbapenems
  • fotemustine
  • difelikefalin
  • bromopride
  • alizapride
  • olopatadine
  • oxomemazine
  • paraldehyde
  • oxcarbazepine
  • kratom
  • elexacaftor
  • oritavancin
  • miocamycin
  • curcumin sulfate
  • seproxetine
  • clotrimazole
  • remacemide
  • piperine
  • ditiocarb
  • danoprevir
  • oxetacaine
  • topiroxostat
  • indisulam
  • tofisopam
  • noscapine
  • thiopental
  • tioconazole
  • nicotinamide
  • rutin
  • mequitazine
  • somatostatin
  • vapreotide
  • econazole
  • saracatinib
  • lestaurtinib
  • efonidipine
  • zimelidine
  • indalpine
  • desvenlafaxine
  • benidipine
  • dapoxetine
  • tesmilifene
  • pergolide
  • sitaxentan
  • resveratrol
  • bifonazole
  • tildipirosin
  • solithromycin
  • selamectin
  • imiquimod topical
  • fluorouracil topical
  • peginterferon alfa-2b
  • interferon alfa-2b
  • alteplase
  • tanshinone I
  • rosmarinic acid
  • caryophyllene
  • ursolic acid
  • cepharanthine
  • veliflapon
  • mirikizumab
  • cp-96345
  • famprofazone
  • peoniflorin
  • fepradinol
  • licofelone
  • polmacoxib
  • ebselen
  • taxifolin
  • betulinic acid
  • flurbiprofen axetil
  • talniflumate
  • morniflumate
  • nitroaspirin
  • firocoxib
  • ns-398
  • cimicoxib
  • robenacoxib
  • sc-236
  • imidazole salicylate
  • trolamine salicylate
  • pirprofen
  • benorilate
  • ethenzamide
  • mofebutazone
  • proquazone
  • carbaspirin calcium
  • guacetisal
  • proglumetacin
  • propyphenazone
  • pranoprofen
  • bendazac
  • tenidap
  • lonazolac
  • nifenazone
  • flunoxaprofen
  • difenpiramide
  • feprazone
  • bufexamac
  • alminoprofen
  • suxibuzone
  • fentiazac
  • tinoridine
  • tepoxalin
  • indobufen
  • flunixin
  • propacetamol
  • clonixin
  • droxicam
  • epirizole
  • etofenamate
  • ibuproxam
  • indoprofen
  • kebuzone
  • felbinac
  • zaltoprofen
  • azapropazone
  • zomepirac
  • niflumic acid
  • magnesium salicylate
  • suprofen
  • nepafenac
  • bromfenac
  • ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone (otic) (Rx)
  • hydrocortisone/neomycin/polymyxin otic (Rx)
  • vigabatrine
  • valproate sodium injection
  • tezepelumab (Rx)
  • triamcinolone acetonide/nystatin
  • triamcinolone suprachoroidal (Rx)
  • triamcinolone, intranasal
  • ciclesonide inhaled
  • diosmin
  • tirbanibulin
  • padeliporfin
  • roxadustat
  • aminosalicylic acid
  • rasburicase
  • tetracaine
  • articaine
  • ropivacaine
  • nitrous oxide
  • sulfapyridine
  • sulfanilamide
  • mafenide
  • isometheptene
  • amyl nitrite
  • antipyrine
  • isosorbide dinitrate
  • prilocaine
  • nitroglycerin
  • tobacco
  • batefenterol
  • hexoprenaline
  • pf-00610355
  • racepinephrine
  • protokylol
  • doxofylline
  • phenylpropanolamine
  • isoetharine
  • ephedra sinica root
  • dipivefrin
  • arbutamine
  • norepinephrine
  • fenoterol
  • clenbuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • epinephrine
  • ritodrine
  • procaterol
  • orciprenaline
  • bitolterol
  • abediterol
  • fluticasone furoate, umeclidinium and vilanterol
  • fluticasone furoate and vilanterol
  • mometasone and formoterol
  • pramoxine topical (OTC)
  • menthol/pramoxine (topical)
  • tetrastarch
  • plasma protein fraction
  • hetastarch
  • rokitamycin
  • ridaforolimus
  • oleandomycin
  • patupilone
  • mitemcinal
  • midecamycin
  • mirvetuximab soravtansine
  • lorvotuzumab mertansine
  • kitasamycin
  • flurithromycin
  • eprinomectin
  • epofolate
  • epothilone D
  • coltuximab ravtansine
  • dirithromycin
  • doramectin
  • cethromycin
  • carbomycin
  • paramethasone
  • dexamethasone isonicotinate
  • quinupristin
  • sarilumab
  • dalfopristin
  • curcumin
  • luliconazole
  • procaine
  • chloroprocaine
  • phencyclidine
  • tenocyclidine
  • profenamine
  • halothane
  • lfenprodil
  • calcium levulinate
  • agmatine
  • calcium pangamate
  • calcium glubionate
  • edodekin alfa
  • beloranib
  • aflibercept
  • endostar
  • volociximab
  • roquinimex
  • anecortave acetate
  • squalamine
  • brolucizumab
  • trebananib
  • semaxanib
  • endostatin
  • halofuginone
  • resveratol
  • ranibizumab
  • fumagilin
  • bevacizumab
  • hyperforin
  • aminohippuric acid
  • opicapone
  • pafolacianine
  • bempedoic acid
  • belantamab mafodotin
  • prasterone
  • glecaprevir
  • levomenol
  • parachlorophenol
  • gadoxetic acid
  • cholecystokinin
  • caspofungin
  • ouabain
  • rifampicin
  • taurocholic acid
  • methylphosphinic acid
  • revefenacin
  • isoprenaline
  • posiphen
  • acotiamide
  • triflupromazine
  • pegvisomant
  • pipecuronium
  • regramostim
  • phenserine
  • diethylcarbamazine
  • cinchocaine
  • pancuronium
  • bambuterol
  • hexafluronium
  • aprotinin
  • tyrothricin
  • decamethonium
  • ipidacrine
  • tubocurarine
  • paraoxon
  • ginkgo biloba
  • methanesulfonyl fluoride
  • dichlorvos
  • fenthion
  • metrifonate
  • coumaphos
  • huperzine A
  • distigmine
  • neostigmine
  • isoflurophate
  • tasosartan
  • fimasartan
  • methylthioninium
  • minaprine
  • gallamine triethiodide
  • ambenonium
  • abiraterone
  • mibefradil
  • hydrocortisone (systemic)
  • cetirizine (systemic)
  • Talimogene Laherparepvec
  • Diacerein
  • Magnesium glucoheptonate
  • acyclovir and hydrocortisone
  • acyclovir (ophthalmic)
  • acyclovir (topical)
  • docosanol cream
  • camphor and phenol
  • dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine
  • peramivir
  • lisdexamfetamine
  • ergoloid mesylates
  • memantine/donepezil
  • tranylcypromine
  • isocarboxazid
  • methenamine/sodium salicylate/benzoic acid
  • mometasone topical (Rx)
  • Esketamine intranasal
  • Oracit
  • Shohls Solution
  • sodium lactate
  • sodium citrate
  • lecanemab
  • donepezil (Rx)
  • donepezil transdermal
  • sodium thiosulfate
  • ciclopirox
  • undecylenic acid
  • butenafine
  • calcium and vitamin D
  • zoledronic acid
  • calcitonin salmon
  • pizotifen
  • indoramin
  • salicylic acid acne
  • minoxidil topical
  • adapalene
  • orlistat
  • COVID-19 subunit vaccine
  • amoxicillin /vonoprazan
  • levamlodipine (Rx)
  • Omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • simvastatin/ezetimibe
  • amlodipine/atorvastatin
  • amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium
  • lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin
  • noradrenaline
  • carbaryl
  • botulinum toxin
  • atropine
  • artemether/lumefantrine
  • ergonovine
  • bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
  • ibalizumab
  • dolutegravir
  • hydrocodone/pseudoephedrine
  • cetirizine/pseudoephedrine
  • acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine/guaifenesin
  • acetaminophen IV/ibuprofen IV (Pending FDA Approval)
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • acetaminophen/caffeine
  • Acetaminophen/magnesium salicylate/pamabrom
  • megestrol
  • pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
  • folic acid-cyanocobalamin-pyridoxine
  • L-methylfolate-pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-methylcobalamine
  • estropipate
  • betamethasone (systemic)
  • dolutegravir and lamivudine
  • zidovudine and lamivudine
  • mineral oil (oral/rectal)
  • regular insulin
  • dextromethorphan/bupropion
  • diphenhydramine/ibuprofen
  • enfuvirtide
  • doxapram
  • methamphetamine
  • dextroamphetamine
  • ephedrine
  • brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
  • aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • acetaminophen, pheniramine, and phenylephrine
  • chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
  • guaifenesin and phenylephrine
  • rivastigmine
  • pyridostigmine
  • arecoline
  • physostigmine
  • abobotulinumtoxinA
  • echothiophate iodide
  • malathion
  • glibenclamide
  • rimabotulinumtoxinB
  • pioglitazone
  • daxibotulinumtoxinA
  • prabotulinumtoxinA
  • mepenzolate
  • trospium
  • modafinil
  • budesonide (oral inhalation)
  • budesonide (nasal)
  • budesonide (Topical)
  • vedolizumab
  • hydrocodone and homatropine
  • homatropine ophthalmic
  • methscopolamine
  • oxandrolone
  • nandrolone
  • fluoxymesterone
  • procyclidine
  • biperiden
  • benztropine
  • oxymetholone
  • ipratropium
  • belladonna/opium
  • pilocarpine
  • nicotine intranasal
  • succinylcholine
  • cromolyn sodium
  • mepolizumab
  • palivizumab
  • reslizumab
  • dupilumab
  • potassium iodide
  • beclomethasone (nasal)
  • tetrahydrozoline nasal
  • fluticasone (topical)
  • tecovirimat
  • entacapone
  • vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (Rx)
  • smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
  • terazosin
  • labetalol 
  • smallpox and monkeypox vaccine (live, nonreplicating) (US: Availability limited to health department/CDC expanded access protocol) (Rx)
  • oxymetazoline
  • xylometazoline
  • meclizine
  • prazosin
  • belinostat
  • nabilone
  • tripelennamine
  • bismuth subcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline
  • levalbuterol
  • rifaximin
  • cotrimoxazole
  • ethacrynic acid
  • senna
  • bisacodyl
  • sodium picosulfate, citric acid, and magnesium oxide
  • kaolin
  • anastrozole
  • docusate
  • cascara
  • dichlorphenamide
  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • methylcellulose
  • magnesium sulfate 
  • talazoparib
  • diphenoxylate/atropine
  • bacillus clausii
  • psyllium
  • bifidobacterium
  • lactobacillus
  • saccharomyces boulardii
  • lanreotide
  • cyproterone
  • ramucirumab (Rx)
  • fidaxomicin
  • tobramycin (systemic)
  • dacomitinib
  • pembrolizumab
  • amikacin (systemic)
  • panitumumab
  • blinatumomab
  • durvalumab
  • olaratumab
  • necitumumab
  • moxetumomab pasudotox
  • mogamulizumab
  • inotuzumab
  • dinutuximab
  • pentamycin
  • dibekacin
  • cemiplimab
  • gemtuzumab
  • demeclocycline
  • omadacycline
  • tobramycin (ophthalmic)
  • sarecycline
  • cefiderocol
  • valrubicin
  • plicamycin
  • denileukin diftitox
  • decitabine
  • niraparib
  • methacholine
  • carbachol
  • bethanechol
  • acetylcholine
  • atezolizumab
  • raloxifene
  • avelumab
  • leucovorin
  • cladabrine
  • pralatrexate
  • meclofenamate
  • pemetrexed
  • ustekinumab
  • diroximel fumarate
  • daratumumab
  • coccidioidin skin test
  • candida albicans extract
  • brewer’s yeast
  • poliovirus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • elotuzumab
  • trimetrexate
  • l-methyl folate
  • methyclothiazide
  • Influenza virus vaccine
  • acitretin
  • tafamidis
  • sapropterin
  • Pidotimod
  • nitisinone
  • mipomersen
  • levetiracetam
  • Inebilizumab
  • Diethylamine salicylate
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Cephalothin
  • alitretinoin
  • Alitretinoin
  • methotrexate
  • verteporfin
  • omacetaxine
  • methyl aminolevulinate topical
  • efgartigimod alfa
  • aminolevulinic acid
  • cetuximab
  • streptozocin
  • zoster vaccine recombinant
  • lyme disease vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine
  • daclizumab
  • lomustiine
  • amitriptyline
  • triptorelin
  • Tedizolid
  • rituximab
  • darolutamide
  • altretamine
  • Varicella-zoster vaccine
  • topotecan
  • ajmaline
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • poliovirus vaccine
  • adenovirus vaccine type 7
  • adenovirus vaccine type 4
  • brincidofovir
  • lenograstim
  • ofatumumab
  • doxorubicin
  • thioguanine
  • tetanus toxoid
  • primidone
  • lipegfilgrastim
  • pegaspargase
  • monomethyl fumarate
  • ibritumomab
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • varicella-zoster vaccine (recombinant)
  • influenza virus vaccine, h5n1, live
  • carmustine
  • influenza virus vaccine (h5n1), adjuvanted
  • influenza a (h5n1) vaccine
  • eluxadoline
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent, adjuvanted
  • idecabtagene vicleucel
  • adenovirus types 4 and 7 live, oral
  • thiotepa
  • tocilizumab
  • levodopa inhaled
  • efalizumab
  • canakinumab
  • aminoglutethimide
  • ado-trastuzumab emtansine
  • adenovirus vaccine
  • zoster vaccine live
  • typhoid vaccine, live
  • influenza virus vaccine, live, trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine, h1n1, live
  • delavirdine
  • paclitaxel
  • siltuximab
  • miconazole
  • fludarabine
  • epirubicin
  • vinblastine
  • lomustine
  • risankizumab
  • rilonacept
  • pacritinib
  • linezolid
  • griseofulvin
  • vincristine
  • rufinamide
  • phenobarbital
  • nelarabine
  • mitoxantrone
  • mitomycin
  • mitapivat
  • letermovir
  • lasmiditan
  • idarubicin
  • filgrastim
  • elagolix
  • daunorubicin
  • daclatasvir
  • carfilzomib
  • anakinra
  • alefacept
  • thalidomide
  • teriflunomide
  • rubella virus vaccine
  • ozanimod
  • mumps virus vaccine
  • measles virus vaccine
  • golimumab
  • etanercept
  • certolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • etoposide
  • mechlorethamine
  • adenovirus type 7 vaccine
  • melphalan
  • palifermin
  • pimecrolimus
  • ropeginterferon alfa 2b
  • tacrolimus
  • tofacitinib
  • amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
  • amphotericin B deoxycholate
  • amphotericin B liposomal
  • amphotericin B phospholipid complex
  • anthrax vaccine adsorbed
  • denosumab
  • diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
  • echinacea
  • haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
  • hepatitis A vaccine inactivated
  • hepatitis a/b vaccine
  • hepatitis b vaccine
  • HIV vaccine
  • human papillomavirus vaccine, quadrivalent
  • hydroxyurea
  • influenza virus vaccine (H5N1)
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, adjuvanted
  • influenza virus vaccine trivalent, recombinant
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 diphtheria conjugate vaccine
  • meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined
  • meningococcal group B vaccine
  • ofatumumab SC
  • pneumococcal vaccine 13-valent
  • pneumococcal vaccine heptavalent
  • pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent
  • poliovirus vaccine inactivated
  • rabies vaccine
  • sipuleucel-T
  • trastuzumab
  • trastuzumab deruxtecan
  • eslicarbazepine acetate
  • vitamin A
  • rifampin
  • belzutifan
  • belimumab
  • belatacept
  • armodafinil
  • amobarbital
  • alemtuzumab
  • ocrelizumab
  • nivolumab
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • desogestrel
  • butalbital
  • brexanolone
  • zoster vaccine
  • yellow fever vaccine
  • varicella virus vaccine
  • smallpox vaccine
  • rotavirus vaccine
  • rubella vaccine
  • influenza virus vaccine quadrivalent
  • atracurium
  • dengue vaccine
  • tisagenlecleucel
  • lisocabtagene maraleucel
  • ciltacabtagene autoleucel
  • brexucabtagene autoleucel
  • axicabtagene ciloleucel
  • chlorambucil
  • ethinyl estradiol
  • dicumarol
  • atenolol
  • anisindione
  • penicillin G benzathine
  • sequelerin
  • chloramphenicol
  • heparin
  • enoxaparin
  • dalteparin
  • bivalirudin
  • argatroban
  • willow bark
  • bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
  • aspirin rectal
  • aspirin/citric acid/sodium bicarbonate
  • aspirin
  • ganaxolone
  • erythromycin stearate
  • erythromycin lactobionate
  • erythromycin ethylsuccinate
  • elbasvir/grazoprevir
  • daridorexant
  • cholera vaccine
  • lumacaftor/ivacaftor
  • dienogest/estradiol valerate
  • zafirlukast
  • urofollitropin
  • tralokinumab
  • torsemide
  • tazarotene
  • pseudoephedrine
  • propoxiphene napsylate
  • propoxiphene hydrochloride
  • oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
  • oxymetazoline hydrochloride
  • naxitamab
  • nandrolone decanoate
  • methylphenidate
  • methocarbamol
  • idoxuridine
  • hyaluronidase
  • hyaluronic acid
  • gonadoreline hydrochloride
  • glycopyrrolate
  • ganirelix acetate
  • gallium citrate
  • fulvestrant
  • fexofenadine hydrochloride
  • fenefluramine hydrochloride
  • febuxostat
  • famciclovir
  • ergocalciferol
  • divalproex sodium
  • diclorfenamide
  • dezocine
  • desmopressin acetate
  • demeclocycline hydrochloride
  • defibrotide sodium
  • deferiprone
  • deferasirox
  • daunorubicin hydrochloride
  • darunavir
  • darifenacin hydrobromide
  • daptomycin
  • dapsone
  • dantrolene sodium
  • danazol
  • dalafampridine
  • dalbavancin Hydrochloride
  • daclatasvir dihydrochloride
  • dactinomycin
  • dacitabine
  • cefiderocol sulfate tosylate
  • butoconazole nitrate
  • benralizumab (Rx)
  • albuterol
  • acetylcysteine
  • acebutolol
  • acam2000
  • abrocitinib
  • abatacept
  • abametapir
  • abaloparatide
  • chloroquine
  • ferric maltol
  • lorlatinib
  • piracetam
  • timolol
  • chlorothiazide
  • ferric pyrophosphate citrate
  • lornoxicam
  • piretanide
  • tinidazole
  • chloroxylenol
  • ferric sulfate
  • lorpiprazole
  • pirfenidone
  • tiopronin
  • chlorpheniramine
  • ferrous bisglycinate
  • losartan
  • piroxicam
  • tiotropium
  • chlorpromazine
  • ferrous fumarate
  • lovastatin
  • pitavastatin
  • tipranavir
  • chlorpropamide
  • ferrous gluconate
  • loxoprofen
  • pitolisant
  • tirofiban
  • chlorprothixene
  • ferrous succinate
  • lubiprostone
  • pivampicillin
  • tisotumab vedotin
  • chlorthalidone
  • ferrous sulfate anhydrous
  • lumateperone
  • pivmecillinam
  • tixocortol
  • chlorzoxazone
  • ferumoxides
  • lumefantrine
  • plazomicin
  • tizanidine
  • abiraterone
  • cholecalciferolc
  • ferumoxsil
  • lumiracoxib
  • plerixafor
  • tobramycin (oral inhalation)
  • acalabrutinib
  • choline c 11
  • ferumoxytol
  • lurasidone
  • polatuzumab vedotin
  • tocainide
  • acarbose
  • choline magnesium trisalicylate
  • fesoterodine
  • lurbinectedin
  • polythiazide
  • tocofersolan
  • aceclofenac
  • choline salicylate
  • fexinidazole
  • lynestrenol
  • pomalidomide
  • tocopherol
  • acemetacin
  • chondroitin sulfate
  • finasteride
  • macimorelin
  • ponatinib
  • acenocoumarol
  • chromic chloride
  • finerenone (Rx)
  • macitentan
  • ponesimod
  • tolazamide
  • acetaminophen
  • chromic nitrate
  • fish oil
  • magaldrate
  • posaconazole
  • tolbutamide
  • acetazolamide
  • chromium
  • flavoxate
  • magnesium
  • potassium
  • tolcapone
  • acetohexamide
  • chromium gluconate
  • flecainide
  • magnesium carbonate
  • potassium acetate
  • tolfenamic acid
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • chromium nicotinate
  • flibanserin
  • magnesium chloride
  • potassium bicarbonate
  • tolmetin
  • acipimox
  • chromous sulfate
  • floctafenine
  • magnesium citrate
  • potassium cation
  • tolterodine
  • aclidinium
  • ciclesonide
  • florbetaben (18f)
  • magnesium gluconate
  • potassium chloride
  • tolvaptan
  • acrivastine
  • cidofovir
  • florbetapir (18f)
  • magnesium hydroxide
  • potassium citrate
  • topiramate
  • acyclovir
  • cilazapril
  • floxuridine
  • magnesium oxide
  • potassium nitrate
  • adefovir dipivoxil
  • cilostazol
  • flucloxacillin
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bethanechol + 

labetalol 

may increase the risk of adverse effects

labetalol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

donepezil (Rx)

may increase the toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

prabotulinumtoxinA

may increase the toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

propranolol

may increase the toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

cimetropium 

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

pilocarpine

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

nicotine intranasal

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

methacholine

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

carbachol

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

mirabegron

may increase the risk of adverse effects

penbutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

levalbuterol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

acebutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

penbutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

pindolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

propranolol

may increase the risk of adverse effects

galantamine

it may increase the risk of adverse effects of cholinergic agonists

donepezil transdermal

it may enhance the risk of adverse effects of Cholinergic Agonists

donepezil (Rx)

it may enhance the risk of adverse effects of Cholinergic Agonists

memantine/donepezil

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

donepezil (Rx)

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

donepezil transdermal

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

carbaryl

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

rivastigmine

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic Agonists

levalbuterol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

acebutolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

betaxolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

bisoprolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

carvedilol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

metoprolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

nebivolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

penbutolol

beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists

levalbuterol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

acebutolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

penbutolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

pindolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

propranolol

may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cholinergic agonists

carteolol ophthalmic 

may decrease the toxic effect of beta blockers

levalbuterol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

acebutolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

betaxolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

bisoprolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

carvedilol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

propranolol

may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists

bethanechol 

may decrease the anticholinergic effect of cholinergic agonists

fexofenadine 

may increase the toxic effect of anti-cholinergic agents

mirabegron

may increase the risk of adverse effect

penbutolol

may increase the risk of adverse effect

esmolol

may increase the risk of adverse effect

metoprolol

may increase the risk of adverse effect

Actions and Spectrum: 

  • bethanechol is a medication that acts as a cholinergic agonist, stimulating the receptors that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Specifically, bethanechol acts on muscarinic receptors, which are found in smooth muscle tissue, glands, and the central nervous system. 
  • bethanechol’s primary mechanism of action stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, which regulates many bodily functions, including digestion, urination, and heart rate. By activating muscarinic receptors, bethanechol can cause increased contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, leading to increased urinary output and enhanced gastrointestinal motility. 
  • bethanechol has a relatively narrow spectrum of activity and is primarily used to treat urinary retention or dysfunction caused by a lack of bladder contractility. It may also stimulate gastrointestinal motility in patients with certain conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or postoperative ileus. bethanechol is impractical for treating urinary retention caused by an obstruction, such as an enlarged prostate or urethral stricture. 

Frequency not defined 

Belching 

Bronchial constriction 

Flushing 

Headache 

Lacrimation 

Nausea 

Salivation 

Abdominal cramps 

Borborygmi colicky pain 

Diarrhea 

Increased gastric motility 

Hypotension 

Miosis 

Vomiting 

Urinary urgency 

Contraindications/caution: 

Contraindications: 

  • Hypersensitivity to bethanechol or its components: Patients allergic to bethanechol or its ingredients should not use this medication. 
  • Asthma: bethanechol can cause bronchial constriction, worsening asthma symptoms in patients with this condition. 
  • Peptic ulcer disease: bethanechol can increase gastric acid secretion and worsen the disease. 
  • Intestinal or urinary tract obstruction: bethanechol can increase smooth muscle contractions, worsening urinary or gastrointestinal tract obstruction. 
  • Hyperthyroidism: bethanechol can worsen symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including tachycardia, hypertension, and anxiety. 
  • Epilepsy: bethanechol can lower the seizure threshold and increase the risk of seizures in patients with epilepsy. 
  • Parkinson’s disease: bethanechol can worsen symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, including tremors and rigidity.

Caution: 

  • Cardiovascular disease: bethanechol can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure), which can be dangerous in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. 
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): bethanechol can cause bronchial constriction, worsening symptoms in COPD patients. 
  • Gastrointestinal disorders: bethanechol can increase gastric acid secretion and exacerbate symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux. 
  • Urinary tract disorders: bethanechol can increase urinary frequency and urgency, which can be problematic in patients with urinary incontinence or other disorders. 
  • Pregnancy and breast-feeding: bethanechol should only be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding if the benefits outweigh the risks, as its safety in these populations has not been well established. 
  • Renal or hepatic impairment: bethanechol is primarily eliminated by the kidneys and liver, so caution should be used when administering this medication to patients with impaired renal or hepatic function. 

Pregnancy consideration: C 

Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknown 

Pregnancy category: 

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.   

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

Pharmacology: 

bethanechol is a cholinergic agonist that acts primarily on muscarinic receptors. When administered, bethanechol binds to and activates muscarinic receptors in various smooth muscle tissues, including the bladder and gastrointestinal tract. This leads to increased contractions and enhanced motility in these organs 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamics of bethanechol is based on its ability to activate muscarinic receptors in various smooth muscle tissues. When bethanechol binds to muscarinic receptors, it causes the following effects: 

  • Increased contraction of smooth muscle: bethanechol stimulates muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, leading to increased contractions of these organs. 
  • Increased glandular secretion: bethanechol stimulates muscarinic receptors in the salivary and sweat glands, leading to increased secretion of saliva and sweat. 
  • Cardiovascular effects: bethanechol can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) and hypotension (low blood pressure) due to its effects on muscarinic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. 
  • CNS effects: Although bethanechol does not cross the blood-brain barrier, it can still cause some CNS effects, such as increased arousal and anxiety. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

bethanechol is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 60-90 minutes. However, its bioavailability is low, ranging from 5-25%, due to extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. 

Distribution 

bethanechol has a low volume of distribution, indicating that it is primarily confined to the extracellular fluid. It does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. 

Metabolism 

Acetylcholinesterase primarily metabolizes bethanechol in the liver, hydrolyzing it to its inactive metabolite, choline. It has a relatively short half-life of approximately 1.5 hours. 

Elimination and Excretion 

bethanechol and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine, with approximately 50-60% of a dose eliminated within 24 hours. It is not known to undergo significant enterohepatic circulation. 

Administration: 

Oral administration: 

Administer the medication two hours before or after a meal 

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: bethanechol 

Pronounced: [ be-THAN-e-chol ] 

Why do we use bethanechol? 

bethanechol is primarily used to treat urinary retention and certain gastrointestinal motility disorders. Here are some of the specific uses of bethanechol: 

  • Urinary retention: bethanechol treats acute and chronic urinary retention, which is the inability to empty the bladder. It works by increasing the contraction of the detrusor muscle in the bladder, which helps to expel urine. 
  • Gastrointestinal motility disorders: bethanechol is sometimes used to treat certain gastrointestinal motility disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and delayed gastric emptying. It works by increasing smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal tract, which promotes motility and emptying of the stomach and intestines. 
  • Diagnostic purposes: bethanechol can also be used as a diagnostic tool to assess bladder function in patients with suspected neurogenic bladder dysfunction. 

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