Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Zebeta, Monocor
Synonyms :
bisoprolol
Class :
Beta-1 Selective, Beta-Blockers
Brand Name :
Zebeta, Monocor
Synonyms :
bisoprolol
Class :
Beta-1 Selective, Beta-Blockers
Dosage Forms & Strengths Â
Tablet Â
5mg Â
10mg Â
Safety & efficacy not establishedÂ
Refer to adult dosingÂ
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with siponimod
may have an increased AV-blocking effect when combined with beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta2-agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect when combined with Beta2-Agonists
CYP3A strong enhancers of the small intestine may reduce the bioavailability of bisoprolol
may enhance the anti-hypertensive effect when both drugs are combined
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
The interaction may enhance the drug serum levels of benzodiazepine agonist hypnotics
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
beta-Blockers may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of cholinergic agonists
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
May enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-Blockers
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
beta-Blockers may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
beta-blockers may increase the hypoglycemic effect of antidiabetic agents
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may diminish the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inducers
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the adverse effect of cholinergic agonists
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the effect of insulins
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may increase the vasoconstricting effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with antidiabetic agents
may have an increased vasoconstricting effect when combined with ergot derivatives
may have an increased vasoconstricting effect when combined with ergot derivatives
may have an increased vasoconstricting effect when combined with ergot derivatives
When bisoprolol is used together with fluconazole, this leads to reduction in the bisoprolol metabolism
When ponesimod is used together with bisoprolol, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of bradycardia
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
bunazosin (Not available in the United States)
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
may have an increased orthostatic hypotensive effect when combined with alpha1-blockers
bisoprolol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of eucalyptus oil which leads to increased level of serum
cefpirome leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of bisoprolol which leads to increased level of serum
bisoprolol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of chromous sulfate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bisoprolol leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with sulfonylureas
bisoprolol: it may increase the risk of adverse effects of oxtriphylline
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
may have an increased hypoglycemic effect when combined with insulins
bisoprolol: it may increase the therapeutic efficacy of caroverine
bisoprolol: it may decrease the excretion rate of Isepamicin
bisoprolol: it may decrease activities of antihypertensive drugs
bisoprolol: it may decrease activities of antihypertensive drugs
bisoprolol: it may decrease activities of antihypertensive drugs
bisoprolol: it may decrease activities of antihypertensive drugs
bisoprolol: it may decrease activities of antihypertensive drugs
there is a additive effect when beta-adrenergic blockers are combined with antiglaucoma agents
bisoprolol: it may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive activities of phentolamine
the therapeutic efficacy of digitoxin can be increased when used in combination with bisoprolol
bisoprolol: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
bisoprolol: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
bisoprolol: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
bisoprolol: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
bisoprolol: it may increase the risk or severity of QTc prolongation agents
bisoprolol may decrease the excretion rate of almasilate, leading to higher serum levels
it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers 
it may increase the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers
it may increase the bradycardic effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors May enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-Blockers
amiodarone may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
it may enhance the serum potassium levels
when combined may increase anticoagulation
it enhances the serum potassium levels
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
may increase the hypoglycaemic effect
it increases the effect of bradycardia of Beta-Blockers
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
Beta-Blockers increase the effect of hypoglycemia of insulins
may increase the toxic effect
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the bradycardic effect of beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with nifedipine
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may increase the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may reduce the effect of beta-blockers
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with mepivacaine
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may increase the AV-blocking effect
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased bradycardic effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with cholinergic agonists
metabolism of bisoprolol can be reduced when combined with telaprevir
may decrease the antihypertensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increased hypotensive effect when combined with beta-blockers
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with cannabis
the bradycardic activity of bisoprolol may be increased
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
may decrease the bronchodilatory effect of beta-blockers
bisoprolol might lead to a reduction in the rate of excretion of telavancin, potentially leading to elevated levels of serum
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
may enhance the serum concentration when combined with propranolol
ceforanide: it may decrease the excretion rate of bisoprolol
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions of bisoprolol include:Â
The spectrum of bisoprolol includes:Â
Frequency Defined Â
1-10% Â
Insomnia (8%-10%) Â
Dizziness (10%) Â
Upper respiratory infection (5%) Â
Rhinitis (4%) Â
Arthralgia (3%) Â
Diarrhea (4%) Â
Cough (3%) Â
Nausea (2%) Â
Dyspnea (2%) Â
Pharyngitis (2%) Â
Vomiting (2%) Â
Sinusitis (2%) Â
<1% Â
Hypotension Â
Cold extremities Â
DepressionÂ
Bronchospasm  Â
Dyspepsia Â
Frequency Not Defined Â
Decrease HDL Â
Aggravate CHF Â
Hypertriglyceridemia Â
Decreased exercise tolerance Â
Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
Black Box WarningÂ
bisoprolol carries a Black Box Warning for its potential to cause serious and potentially life-threatening heart failure in patients with existing heart disease.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Cautions:Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
US FDA pregnancy category: CÂ
Lactation:  Â
Excreted into human milk is unknown. Â
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology: Â
bisoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that works by blocking the action of certain hormones, such as adrenaline, on the heart and blood vessels. This results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Â
Pharmacodynamics: Â
bisoprolol works by binding to beta-1 receptors in the heart and blood vessels, which results in a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. It also reduces the workload on the heart and improves blood flow to the heart. Â
Pharmacokinetics: Â
Absorption Â
It is rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood (Cmax) is reached within 1-2 hours. Food does not affect the absorption of bisoprolol. Â
Distribution Â
bisoprolol is highly bound to plasma proteins (about 98%) and has a large volume of distribution (about 12L/kg). It also crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Â
Metabolism Â
It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. The main metabolite is the inactive 4′-hydroxybisoprolol. Â
Elimination and excretion Â
bisoprolol is excreted mainly in the urine, with about 70% of the dose excreted within 24 hours. The elimination half-life of bisoprolol is about 9-12 hours. Â
Administration: Â
Oral administration:Â
Bisoprolol is typically administered as a tablet or extended-release capsule, taken orally once or twice daily. The dosage and frequency of administration will depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s response to the medication.Â
It is important to take bisoprolol exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider, and not to change the dosage or frequency without consulting a healthcare professional. Bisoprolol should be taken with food and should be taken at the same time each day to maintain a consistent level of the drug in the bloodstream.Â
Patients should be advised to swallow the tablet whole, and not to crush or chew it. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible, unless it is close to the time for the next dose. In this case, the missed dose should be skipped, and the patient should continue with their regular dosing schedule.Â
Patients should also be advised to avoid drinking alcohol while taking bisoprolol, as it may increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness or drowsiness. Bisoprolol should also be used with caution in elderly patients, as they may be more sensitive to the drug’s effects.Â
 Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: bisoprololÂ
Why do we use bisoprolol?Â
bisoprolol is a beta-blocker medication that is used for several medical conditions, including:Â
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