bopindolol

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action: 

Beta-1 Receptor Blockade: bopindolol blocks the heart’s stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors. By doing so, it reduces the effects of the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine on the heart, resulting in: 

Decreased heart rate  

Reduced force of cardiac contraction  

Lowered cardiac output 

Beta-2 Receptor Blockade: bopindolol also affects beta-2 adrenergic receptors found in various tissues, such as smooth muscle in blood vessels and the bronchi. Blocking these receptors leads to: 

Constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) 

Bronchoconstriction (which can worsen respiratory conditions in some individuals) 

Spectrum: 

Hypertension: bopindolol is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) due to its antihypertensive effects. 

Angina Pectoris: Angina patients may receive a prescription for its potential to alleviate the frequency and intensity of chest pain episodes. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

skin rash 

GI disturbances 

coldness of extremities 

bronchospasm 

hypotension 

heart block 

Bradycardia 

pleurisy 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to bopindolol or its components should not use this medication. 

Cardiogenic Shock: bopindolol is contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock,Using bopindolol in such cases could worsen the condition. 

Bradycardia: bopindolol may further slow down the heart rate. It should not be used in patients with severe bradycardia (slow heart rate), as it can exacerbate this condition. 

Atrioventricular Block: Patients with second-degree or third-degree atrioventricular block (problems with the electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles of the heart) should not use bopindolol. 

Heart Failure: bopindolol may not be suitable for individuals with severe heart failure because it can affect cardiac output and potentially worsen the condition. 

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): bopindolol should be used with caution in patients with asthma or COPD, as it may cause bronchospasm and worsen respiratory symptoms. 

Peripheral Vascular Disease: People with severe peripheral vascular disease should avoid bopindolol because it can further impair circulation. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology:  

bopindolol is primarily prescribed to manage elevated blood pressure (hypertension) and specific heart-related conditions. It belongs to a class of drugs known as beta-adrenergic blockers. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

bopindolol exerts its therapeutic effects by blocking the action of beta-adrenergic receptors. These receptors are found in various tissues throughout the body, including the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. bopindolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, which can block beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. The primary mode of action involves the antagonizing beta-1 receptors within the heart and beta-2 receptors in blood vessels and various other tissues.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. 

Distribution 

bopindolol is extensively distributed throughout the body, including into various tissues. 

The drug has a relatively high volume of distribution, indicating that it penetrates well into tissues. 

Metabolism 

bopindolol undergoes hepatic metabolism in the liver. 

The primary metabolic pathway involves oxidation; the major metabolite produced is 4′-hydroxybopindolol. 

Cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP2D6, play a role in the metabolism of bopindolol. 

Excretion and Elimination 

The elimination half-life of bopindolol is approximately 4 to 6 hours, but this can vary among individuals. 

bopindolol and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

The route of administration is oral. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: bopindolol 

Why do we use bopindolol?  

Hypertension Management: bopindolol is prescribed to lower high blood pressure levels. It belongs to a class of drug beta-blockers, which block the effects of certain hormones (such as adrenaline) on the heart and blood vessels. This reduces heart rate and the force of heart contractions, resulting in lower blood pressure. 

Angina Pectoris: bopindolol can be used to manage angina pectoris, a medical condition marked by chest pain or discomfort caused by a reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle. By reducing the heart’s workload and oxygen demand, bopindolol helps alleviate angina symptoms. 

Arrhythmia Treatment: In some cases, bopindolol may be prescribed to manage irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It can help stabilize the heart’s electrical activity and maintain a regular heartbeat.