ceftibuten

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

ceftibuten is an antibiotic medication that belongs to the class of cephalosporins. It is primarily used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and middle ear.

ceftibuten works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and preventing them from multiplying. The spectrum of activity of ceftibuten includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency defined 

1-10% 

Increased BUN (4%) 

Headache (3%) 

Increased eosinophils (3%) 

Nausea (4%) 

Diarrhea (3%) 

Decreased hemoglobin (2%) 

Abdominal pain (1%) 

Dizziness (1%) 

Dyspepsia (2%) 

Thrombocytosis (2%) 

Increased ALT (1%) 

Increased bilirubin (1%) 

Vomiting (1%) 

<1% 

Anorexia 

Candidiasis 

Constipation 

Insomnia 

Irritability 

Paresthesia 

Dysuria 

Agitation 

Fatigue 

Rigors 

Diaper rash 

Increased transaminases 

Increased creatinine 

Leukopenia 

Urticaria 

Dry mouth 

Dyspnea 

Nasal congestion 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

• Hypersensitivity 
• Severe allergic reactions 
• Renal impairment  
• Gastrointestinal disease 
• Vaccinations 
• Depression 
• Pregnancy  
• Lactation 
• Interaction with other medicines 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

Pregnancy category: B 

Breastfeeding warnings:  

The excretion of drugs in breast milk is unknown. 

Pregnancy category: 

Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology:  

ceftibuten exerts its antibacterial activity by binding to and inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in bacterial cell walls. This interference disrupts the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, which are crucial for the structural integrity of the cell wall. As a result, bacterial cell walls become weakened and more susceptible to osmotic pressure, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death. Pharmacodynamics: 

eftibuten can face challenges from bacterial resistance. Bacteria can develop resistance to ceftibuten through various mechanisms, including the production of beta-lactamases (enzymes that inactivate the drug) or alterations in the structure of PBPs, reducing ceftibuten’s affinity for binding. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

The absorption is rapid, and food reduces the peak concentration. 

Distribution 

The volume of distribution is 0.5L/kg in children and 0.21L/kg in adults 

Metabolism 

The drug is metabolized in the liver 

Elimination and Excretion 

The half-life is 2.4 hours 

The drug is excreted 56% in urine and 39% in feces 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

ceftibuten is typically administered orally, in capsules, or an oral suspension. Following your healthcare provider’s prescribed dosage and administration instructions is essential. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: ceftibuten 

Pronounced: sef-TYE-by-ten 

Why do we use ceftibuten?  

ceftibuten is used to treat various bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. These infections include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and other infections.