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Brand Name :
Lotrimin, Mycelex topical, Gyne Lotrimin, Lotrimin AF
Synonyms :
clotrimazole topical
Class :
Antifungals, Topicals
Brand Name :
Lotrimin, Mycelex topical, Gyne Lotrimin, Lotrimin AF
Synonyms :
clotrimazole topical
Class :
Antifungals, Topicals
Dosage forms and strengths
topical cream/ solution/ ointment
1%
vaginal cream
1%
2%
Dosage forms and strengths
topical cream/ solution/ ointment
1%
vaginal cream
1%
2%
Refer adult dosing
Actions and Spectrum
Action:
clotrimazole is an antifungal medication that is commonly used topically to treat various fungal infections. It belongs to the class of medications known as imidazoles, which work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi.
Antifungal Activity: clotrimazole primarily acts by disrupting the fungal cell membrane’s integrity. It hinders the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial element of the fungal cell membrane. This interference results in heightened permeability and the release of essential cellular components.
Spectrum:
clotrimazole topical is effective against a broad spectrum of fungal organisms, including:
Dermatophytes: clotrimazole is highly active against dermatophytes, which are fungi that cause various skin infections, such as ringworm (tinea corporis), athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), and jock itch (tinea cruris Epidermophyton, and Microsporum species.
Yeasts: clotrimazole is also effective against yeasts, particularly candida species. It can be used to treat yeast infections such as oral thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) and vaginal yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis).
Frequency not defined
Urticaria
Edema
Burning
Erythema
Pruritus
Skin fissures
General irritation of the skin
Stinging
Blistering
Peeling
Black Box Warning:
None
Contraindication/Caution:
Hypersensitivity: Individuals who have had a previous hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to clotrimazole or any other antifungal medications should avoid using clotrimazole topical formulations.
Eye contact: clotrimazole topical preparations are not intended for use in the eyes. If accidental eye contact occurs, it is important to flush the eyes thoroughly with water and seek medical attention.
Open wounds: clotrimazole should not be applied to open or damaged skin, as it may cause irritation or increase the risk of systemic absorption.
Immune-compromised individuals: People with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, should exercise caution when using clotrimazole topical formulations.
Pregnancy warnings:
Pregnancy category: B
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
clotrimazole is a frequently prescribed topical antifungal medication utilized to treat a range of skin fungal infections such as athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm. It falls under the category of medications referred to as azole antifungals.
Pharmacodynamics:
clotrimazole acts by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. It specifically inhibits the enzyme 14-alpha-demethylase, which is involved in the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. This disruption of ergosterol synthesis leads to the accumulation of toxic substances within the fungal cell, ultimately resulting in cell membrane damage and fungal cell death.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
When clotrimazole is applied topically, it is primarily absorbed through the skin. The drug has low systemic absorption, meaning that most of it remains at the site of application and doesn’t enter the bloodstream in significant amounts.
Distribution
The drug distributes to the target tissues, primarily the skin and underlying tissues. It is designed to have a local effect at the site of infection, and systemic distribution is limited.
Metabolism
The drug undergoes minimal metabolism in the body. The drug is primarily metabolized by enzymes in the skin and other tissues where it exerts its antifungal activity. The major metabolites of clotrimazole have minimal or no antifungal activity.
Excretion and elimination
Since clotrimazole is predominantly used topically, the excretion of the drug and its metabolites occurs locally through the shedding of skin cells or, in some cases, through feces and urine. The elimination half-life of clotrimazole is relatively short due to its limited systemic absorption.
Administration:
Apply a thin layer: Take enough clotrimazole cream or lotion and apply it in a thin layer over the affected area. If you’re using a spray or powder, follow the instructions provided on the packaging.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: clotrimazole Topical
Why do we use clotrimazole Topical?
Athlete’s Foot: It is effective in treating the fungal infection that commonly affects the feet, causing itching, scaling, and discomfort.
Jock Itch: The drug can be used to treat fungal infections in the groin area, known as jock itch. It helps relieve itching, redness, and irritation.
Ringworm: The drug can be applied topically to treat ringworm, a fungal infection that forms a circular rash on the skin.
Yeast Infections: It can be used to treat yeast infections of the skin, such as cutaneous candidiasis. This includes infections in areas such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts.
Fungal Diaper Rash: The drug can be used to treat fungal infections that occur in the diaper area in infants and young children.
Fungal Nail Infections: The drug can be used for fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) to help prevent the spread of infection.
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