diclofenac ophthalmic

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum 

diclofenac ophthalmic works primarily by preventing the body from producing prostaglandins, which are chemicals that induce pain and inflammation. diclofenac lowers the formation of prostaglandins by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which lessens inflammation and symptoms like redness, swelling, and pain in the eye. 

The main purpose of diclofenac ophthalmic is to alleviate ocular inflammation brought on after cataract surgery. It is suggested for people who have had cataract surgery to reduce postoperative inflammation and lessen ocular pain.

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Mild ocular stinging  

Fever 

Keratitis   

Corneal thinning 

Eyelid swelling 

Pain 

Corneal perforation 

Slow corneal wound healing 

Dizziness  

Abdominal pain 

Corneal edema 

Insomnia 

Conjunctivitis 

Irritation 

Chills 

Corneal deposits 

Nausea/vomiting 

Increased IOP   

Lacrimation 

Irritation 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning 

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• People with a history of allergy or hypersensitivity to diclofenac or any other component of the drug should not use diclofenac ophthalmic. 

Caution: 

• diclofenac ophthalmic should be used cautiously in those who have known or suspected deficiencies in corneal epithelial repair, such as following corneal refractive surgery or in situations where the cornea is denervated. 
• When using diclofenac ophthalmic, contact lenses should not be worn.  
• Used cautiously in patients who have recognised risk factors for ocular ulcers or wound healing. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: C 

Lactation: Excretion into human milk is in considerably lower amount  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.  

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women. 

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women. 

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology  

By blocking the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which transforms arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, diclofenac ophthalmic has therapeutic effects. Reduced inflammation, discomfort, and edema in the eye are the results of this restriction of prostaglandin synthesis. 

Pharmacodynamics 

By reducing the generation of inflammatory prostaglandins, diclofenac ophthalmic lessens inflammation in the eye.  

The mild analgesic effects of diclofenac ophthalmic can aid in the reduction of eye pain.   

They inhibit the activity of enzymes that break down fibrin, a protein implicated in the formation of blood clots, is one of the effects of diclofenac ophthalmic. 

Pharmacokinetics 

Absorption   

diclofenac ophthalmic is formulated for administration into the eye. The drug is absorbed into the ocular tissues after being administered to the eye. diclofenac’s lipophilic characteristics make it easier for it to absorb through the cornea and through the ocular barriers. 

Distribution 

diclofenac ophthalmic is primarily distributed locally within the eye. It does not show a major systemic distribution and is still mostly restricted to the ocular tissues. 

Metabolism 

The local metabolism of diclofenac ophthalmic occurs inside the eye. The esterase found in the tissues of the eye quickly and thoroughly breaks it down, producing the active metabolite, 4-hydroxydiclofenac.  

Elimination and excretion 

diclofenac ophthalmic and its metabolites are eliminated primarily via local ocular routes.  

Adminstartion

Administration 

diclofenac ophthalmic is typically administered as eye drops. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: diclofenac ophthalmic 

Why do we use diclofenac ophthalmic? 

Following cataract surgery, diclofenac ophthalmic is generally used to alleviate postoperative inflammation and lessen ocular pain.  

The redness, swelling, and discomfort brought on by ocular inflammation are some of the symptoms it helps to treat.