dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action: 

Anti-inflammatory Properties: DGLA is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. It competes with arachidonic acid for the same enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids, a group of signaling molecules. Eicosanoids derived from DGLA tend to have less potent inflammatory actions compared to those derived from AA. 

Regulation of Immune Response: DGLA-derived metabolites can modulate immune responses. They influence the production and activity of certain immune cells and their mediators, potentially impacting immune function.

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Nausea  

Itchiness 

Diarrhea 

Acid reflux 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None  

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Bleeding Disorders: DGLA may have effects on blood clotting. Before taking DGLA supplements, anyone with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant drugs should exercise caution and speak with a healthcare provider. 

Prostaglandin-related Conditions: DGLA is a precursor to prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds involved in various physiological processes. Conditions that are influenced by prostaglandin levels may be affected by DGLA intake. Always consult a healthcare provider before taking DGLA if you have any prostaglandin-related health conditions. 

Hormonal Imbalances: Omega-6 fatty acids can influence hormone production and metabolism. Individuals with hormonal imbalances or conditions affected by hormones should speak with a healthcare professional before using DGLA supplements. 

Allergies or Sensitivities: Certain plant-based oils, which are sources of DGLA, may cause sensitivities or allergies in certain people. If you have known allergies to sources of omega-6 fatty acids, it’s essential to avoid DGLA supplements derived from these sources. 

Interactions with Medications: DGLA supplementation might interact with certain medications or treatments. Always consult a healthcare provider before taking DGLA supplements if you’re on any prescription medications to avoid potential interactions. 

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of DGLA supplements during pregnancy and lactation has not been well studied. To ensure safety, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals need to consult healthcare professionals before using DGLA supplements.

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid is produced from linoleic acid by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase. It is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

Anti-inflammatory effects: DGLA-derived eicosanoids, particularly PG1 and TXA1, may exert anti-inflammatory properties by counteracting the actions of pro-inflammatory molecules derived from arachidonic acid, another omega-6 fatty acid. 

Immunomodulation: DGLA and its metabolites are involved in regulating immune responses. They may modulate the activities of various immune cells and cytokines, potentially contributing to the regulation of immune function. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

DGLA, once ingested, is absorbed in the small intestine, usually alongside other dietary fats. 

Distribution 

After absorption, DGLA travels through the bloodstream, bound to proteins, and is distributed to various tissues and organs in the body. It can be incorporated into cell membranes, contributing to their structure and function. 

Metabolism 

DGLA undergoes enzymatic metabolism within the body. It is converted into other bioactive compounds through various pathways. One significant pathway involves the transformation of DGLA into anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, such as prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), via the action of enzymes like cyclooxygenases (COX). 

Excretion and Elimination 

DGLA and its metabolites are eventually broken down further and eliminated from the body via different routes. Metabolites may be excreted through urine or eliminated through the feces. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

Supplements: DGLA is available in supplement form, often in combination with other fatty acids like gamma-linolenic acid. These supplements are usually in the form of capsules or soft gels. 

Dosage: Dosage recommendations can vary significantly depending on the individual’s health status, age, and other factors. It’s essential to speak with a qualified dietician or healthcare provider to figure out the right dosage for needs. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 

Why do we use dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid?  

It has been suggested that DGLA possesses anti-inflammatory properties. It can be converted into substances that help regulate inflammation in the body, potentially benefiting conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. 

It may have a role in supporting the immune system, although further research is needed to understand its mechanisms completely.