Fame and Mortality: Evidence from a Retrospective Analysis of Singers
November 26, 2025
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Brand Name :
No Data Available.
Synonyms :
gemcitabin, gemcitabina, gemcitabine, gemcitabinum
Class :
Antineoplastic agents, antimetabolites
Brand Name :
No Data Available.
Synonyms :
gemcitabin, gemcitabina, gemcitabine, gemcitabinum
Class :
Antineoplastic agents, antimetabolites
Adult
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Lyophilized powder for reconstitution
200 mg per single-dosage vial
1000 mg per single-dosage vial
Solution for injection
200 mg/2 mL (100 mg/mL)
200 mg/5.26 mL (38 mg/mL)
1 g/10 mL (100 mg/mL)
1 g/26.3 mL (38 mg/mL)
1.5 g/15 mL (100 mg/mL)
2 g/20 mL (100 mg/mL)
2 g/52.6 mL (38 mg/mL)
Â
There is no dosage is indicated, efficacy and safety are not reported in infants and children.
Â
Geriatric
Refer to the adult dosing
Actions:
The action of gemcitabine includes inhibition of the synthesis of DNA and promote apoptosis or programmed cell death in cancer cells. It is integrated with DNA of cancer cells during the S-phase of the cell cycle. It inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase. It is an enzyme which is important in replication of DNA. It leads to accumulation of damaged DNA in cancer cell. It can lead to apoptosis and cell death.
Spectrum:
Gemcitabine is used to treat different cancers as a single agent or combination with other drugs. It is used to treat pancreatic cancer. It shows improvement in the survival chances and quality of life in patient. It is also used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer.
Adverse drug reactions
Frequency defined
>10% (not treated)
N/V
Anemia
Elev LFTs
Neutropenia
Leukopenia
Pain
Proteinuria
Fever
Hematuria
Rash
Thrombocytopenia
Dyspnea
Diarrhea
Flu-like syndrome
Hemorrhage
BUN increased
Infection
Alopecia
Edema
Elev bilirubin
1% to 10%Â
Paresthesia
Creatinine increased
Inj site reactions
Bronchospasm
None
Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: Patients who have allergy to gemcitabine or any substances which is used in this drug must not take this medication. Patients who have severe hypersensitivity reaction to any of the chemotherapy drug must avoid to take this medication.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Gemcitabine is fall under pregnancy category D. It is harmful to a developing fetus. It is not used in breastfeeding mothers because it excretes in breast milk and harm to the infant.
Impaired kidney or liver function: Gemcitabine is metabolized and excreted by the kidney and liver. Patients who have impaired kidney or liver function may have high level of the drug in the blood. It can elevate the risk of side effects.
Blood disorders: Patients who have low platelet counts or white blood cell counts must be monitored closely while taking this medications.
Other medications: Gemcitabine can interact with medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or diuretics. This can affect the function of liver or kidney.
Previous radiation therapy: Gemcitabine must not be administrated to patients who have taken radiation treatment to liver or any other organs. It can increase the risk of toxicity of liver or kidney.
Pregnancy
The animal study reports show gemcitabine is not suitable for the ingrowing fetus; hence is not advised to be administered during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding warnings:Â
The excretion of a drug into the breastmilk is unknown
Due to the potential adverse drug reactions reported, gemcitabine is not recommended for lactating females during treatment.
Pregnancy Categories:Â Â Â
Pharmacology:
Gemcitabine interferes with the synthesis of RNA and DNA. It prevents the growth and division of cancer cells.
Pharmacodynamics:
Gemcitabine is a prodrug. It activates by the enzymes in the body. It is converted into the active form gemcitabine diphosphate and gemcitabine triphosphate inside the cell. Gemcitabine triphosphate is an active metabolite of gemcitabine. It inhibits the synthesis of DNA and disrupt the normal function of the cell.
Gemcitabine triphosphate is integrated into the DNA of cell during the replication of DNA. It leads to termination of DNA chain elongation and inhibition of synthesis of DNA. Gemcitabine triphosphate inhibits the activity if ribonucleotide reductase. It is an enzyme included in the production of nucleotides which are necessary in the synthesis of DNA.
Gemcitabine affects the cellular processes like progression of cell cycle and apoptosis. It leads to cell cycle arrest in the S phase. It is a phase where synthesis of DNA occurs. It leads to an end to the process of cell division and cell death. It can induce apoptosis. It is a programmed cell death in cancer cells.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
Gemcitabine is administrated IV and it enters into the bloodstream. The half life of the drug is about 30 minutes. It goes to maximum concentration in 5 to 15 minutes after the infusion.
Distribution
Gemcitabine is found in the plasma and extracellular fluids. It has a low protein binding activity. It circulates in the blood.
Metabolism
Gemcitabine is metabolized in the body. It is phosphorylated by nucleotide kinase in the cell. It is converted into the active metabolite gemcitabine diphosphate. It is phosphorylated into gemcitabine triphosphate an active form of the drug.
Elimination/Excretion
Gemcitabine is mainly eliminated by the kidney. About 90% of the administration dose is eliminated in 24 hours. It is excreted in the urine. The pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine can be affected by impairment in the kidney. The adjustment in the dosage is needed in patients who have reduced function of kidney.
Gemcitabine is a prescription drug. It is administrated in a hospital or clinic by a healthcare providers. It is given by IV. It is injected into the vein by using a catheter or needle. The dosage and administration of this drug may differ based in the type and stage of the cancer and age, weight, overall health and other factors of the patient. The drug is administrated once a week or every 2 weeks. The duration of the drug may vary from a few weeks to many months.
Generic Name: gemcitabine
Pronounced: jem-SYE-ta-been
Why do we use gemcitabine?
Gemcitabine is used to treat conditions like:
Pancreatic cancer: Gemcitabine is a standard treatment to treat advanced pancreatic cancer. It is used alone or along with other drugs to reduce the tumor or improve the quality of life.
Non-small cell lung cancer: Gemcitabine is used along with other chemotherapy drugs to treat small cell lung cancer. It is a most common type of lung cancer.
Breast cancer: Gemcitabine is used along with other drugs to treat metastatic breast cancer.
Bladder cancer: Gemcitabine is used to treat advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. It is used alone or along with other drugs.
Ovarian cancer: Gemcitabine is used along with other drugs to treat recurrence ovarian cancer.
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