Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
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Brand Name :
vitis vinifera, pycnogenol, proanthodyn, vitis coignetiae,
Synonyms :
grape seed extract
Class :
Cardiovascular, Herbals
Brand Name :
vitis vinifera, pycnogenol, proanthodyn, vitis coignetiae,
Synonyms :
grape seed extract
Class :
Cardiovascular, Herbals
Suggested Dosing:Â
Indicated for Chronic Venous insufficiency:
Procyanidin extract: 150-300 mg orally daily
Tablets or Capsules: 75-300 mg orally daily 3 weeks, following 40-80 mg orally daily
OR
360 mg or720 mg orally daily
Actions and Spectrum:
Some of the actions and spectrum of grape seed extract are:
Frequency Not Defined
Hepatotoxicity risk
Contraindication/Caution:
Pregnancy warnings:   
Pregnancy category: N/A
Lactation:Â Excreted into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:     
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
Grape seed extract (GSE) is a dietary supplement that is derived from the seeds of grapes. It contains a variety of polyphenolic compounds, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and resveratrol, which are believed to have a number of health benefits.
Pharmacodynamics:
In terms of pharmacodynamics, GSE contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols such as procyanidins, flavonoids, and resveratrol. These compounds have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, among others.
One of the primary pharmacodynamic effects of GSE is its antioxidant activity. GSE is known to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, GSE has been shown to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
When taken orally, GSE is absorbed in the small intestine. The absorption of GSE may be influenced by its particle size, solubility, and other factors.
Distribution
Once absorbed, GSE is distributed throughout the body. The polyphenols in GSE have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain.
Metabolism
GSE is metabolized primarily in the liver. The polyphenols in GSE undergo extensive metabolism, including glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation.
Elimination and Excretion
The metabolites of GSE are excreted primarily in the urine and feces. The elimination half-life of GSE is estimated to be about 3.6 hours.
Administration:
The administration of grape seed extract depends on the form of the supplement. Grape seed extract is available in capsules, tablets, powders, and liquid extracts.
The dosage and method of administration will vary depending on the form of the supplement, the concentration of the active ingredients, and the specific health condition being treated.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: grape seed extract
Why do we use grape seed extract?
grape seed extract is used for its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. It contains a variety of active compounds, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and resveratrol, which may have a range of positive effects on the body.
Some of the potential health benefits of grape seed extract include:
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