haemocoagulase

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action:  

Fibrinogen Cleavage: hemocoagulase acts as a fibrinogenase enzyme, cleaving fibrinogen into fibrin monomers. Fibrin monomers are soluble in blood plasma but can polymerize to form a stable fibrin clot. 

Fibrin Polymerization: The released fibrin monomers polymerize and form a mesh-like structure, which helps form a stable blood clot. 

Clot Formation: The resultant fibrin clot, platelets, and other clotting factors help stop bleeding by sealing off the injured blood vessel. 

Spectrum: 

Surgical Procedures: haemocoagulase is commonly used during surgical procedures to control bleeding.  

Hemorrhage: haemocoagulase can be used to treat or manage hemorrhage, which is excessive bleeding, often in emergency medical situations. It helps in stopping bleeding by enhancing clotting. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Redness 

Swelling 

pain 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Hypersensitivity or Allergy: Patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to ancrod or any of the components in hemocoagulase should not use this medication. 

Bleeding Disorders: hemocoagulase can potentially worsen bleeding disorders or conditions characterized by a risk of bleeding. It should not be used in individuals with hemophilia or other congenital or acquired bleeding disorders. 

Recent Surgery or Trauma: hemocoagulase is contraindicated in patients who have recently undergone surgery or experienced significant trauma because it may increase the risk of bleeding at the surgical or injury site. 

Severe Hypertension: Patients with uncontrolled or severe hypertension (high blood pressure) should avoid hemocoagulase as it may exacerbate the condition. 

History of Stroke: Individuals with a history of stroke or other cerebrovascular events should not use hemocoagulase, as it may increase the risk of further neurological complications. 

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: hemocoagulase’s safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established, using it is typically discouraged unless the potential advantages outweigh the potential drawbacks and after seeking advice from a healthcare professional. 

Renal Impairment: Patients with severe renal (kidney) impairment or renal failure may need dosage adjustments or should avoid hemocoagulase, as it can be excreted through the kidneys, potentially leading to complications. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology:  

haemocoagulase is a medication with pharmacological properties related to its use in hemostasis (blood clotting). It is derived from the venom of certain snake species, such as bothrops atrox and bothrops jararaca. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

haemocoagulase exerts its pharmacological effects primarily through its ability to convert fibrinogen (a soluble plasma protein) into insoluble fibrin strands, which form a stable blood clot. This conversion is essential for hemostasis and is crucial in preventing or controlling bleeding during surgical procedures or certain bleeding disorders. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

haemocoagulase is administered intravenously or locally (topically or via injection) at the bleeding site. 

When administered intravenously, it rapidly enters the bloodstream and achieves systemic circulation. 

Distribution 

haemocoagulase may have limited distribution in the body since it primarily promotes clot formation at the site of application or bleeding. 

It will likely remain localized at the target site and may not extensively distribute to other tissues. 

Metabolism 

haemocoagulase is a protein-based medication, and proteins are typically broken down by proteolytic enzymes in the body. 

The exact metabolic pathways and the involvement of specific enzymes may vary based on the formulation and the body’s response. 

Excretion and Elimination 

haemocoagulase is unlikely to be primarily excreted by the kidneys or liver, as it is primarily used at the application site to promote hemostasis. 

Any systemic components not utilized at the target site may be broken down and eliminated from the body via normal metabolic pathways. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

Injection Site Preparation: 

Depending on the healthcare provider’s recommendation, select an appropriate injection site, typically an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection site. 

Dosing and Reconstitution: 

If haemocoagulase is provided in a lyophilized (powder) form, you may need to reconstitute it with a specific diluent per the manufacturer’s instructions. 

Ensure that the medication is mixed correctly and dissolved and there are no visible particles in the solution. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: haemocoagulase 

Why do we use haemocoagulase?  

haemocoagulase is commonly employed in the management of bleeding disorders like hemophilia or von Willebrand disease. It helps promote blood clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin, which forms a stable clot.  

Surgeons may use haemocoagulase during surgical procedures to control bleeding. It can help minimize blood loss during surgery and improve the visibility of the surgical field.  

In severe postpartum hemorrhage (excessive bleeding after childbirth), haemocoagulase can be administered to help stop the bleeding and prevent complications. 

haemocoagulase may be used in emergency medicine to manage bleeding associated with traumatic injuries such as lacerations, puncture wounds, or severe contusions.