hesperidin

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action:  

Antioxidant Activity: hesperidin exhibits strong antioxidant properties, effectively eliminating free radicals and reactive oxygen species, both implicated in oxidative stress and numerous disease processes. 

Anti-Inflammatory: hesperidin has anti-inflammatory properties. It can potentially inhibit the secretion of inflammatory agents and mitigate inflammation in diverse bodily tissues.  

Spectrum 

Cardiovascular Health: hesperidin’s antioxidant and vasoprotective actions make it potentially beneficial for cardiovascular health.  

Anti-Allergic: hesperidin may have anti-allergic properties and could alleviate allergy symptoms, such as nasal congestion and skin reactions. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Contact dermatitis 

Stomach pain 

Headache 

nausea 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Allergies: Individuals with known allergies to citrus fruits or hesperidin should avoid hesperidin supplements. 

Gastrointestinal Issues: hesperidin supplements may cause gastrointestinal discomfort in some individuals, including nausea, stomach cramps, or diarrhea. If you have a history of gastrointestinal problems, use hesperidin with caution. 

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There is a lack of data on the safety of hesperidin supplements used during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is best to avoid such supplements during these periods unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional. 

Kidney Conditions: hesperidin may interact with the kidneys, and individuals with kidney disease or kidney stones should consult a healthcare provider before taking hesperidin supplements. 

Liver Conditions: People with liver disease or impaired liver function should exercise caution when taking hesperidin supplements, as the liver plays a role in metabolizing many substances, including flavonoids like hesperidin. 

Children and Infants: hesperidin supplements are not typically recommended for children and infants, as their safety and effectiveness in these populations have not been well-studied. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology:  

hesperidin is a flavonoid glycoside commonly found in citrus fruits, particularly in the peels of oranges and lemons. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

Antioxidant Activity: 

hesperidin demonstrates strong antioxidant properties, effectively eliminating free radicals and reactive oxygen species, both implicated in oxidative stress and numerous disease processes. 

Anti-Inflammatory Effects: 

hesperidin has anti-inflammatory properties. It has the potential to inhibit the secretion of inflammatory agents and mitigate inflammation in diverse bodily tissues.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

hesperidin is absorbed in the small intestine, primarily in the jejunum and ileum. However, its absorption can be limited due to its large molecular size and polarity.  

Distribution 

After absorption, hesperidin is transported to various tissues and organs via the bloodstream. It can be found in the central nervous system kidney and liver. 

Metabolism 

hesperidin can undergo metabolism in the liver and intestines. The primary metabolic pathway involves the enzymatic hydrolysis of the hesperidin glycoside to hesperetin by beta-glucosidases. hesperetin can then undergo further metabolism, including glucuronidation and sulfation, forming conjugated metabolites that are more water-soluble and easier to eliminate. 

Excretion and Elimination 

The elimination of hesperidin and its metabolites primarily occurs through the kidneys. Conjugated metabolites are excreted in the urine. Some metabolites may also be eliminated via bile into the feces, but this route is less significant than renal excretion. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

Hesperidin Supplements: The supplements are typically available in capsule or tablet form. Dosage recommendations can vary, so it’s crucial to follow the instructions provided on the supplement’s label. 

Topical Applications: Some skincare products include hesperidin due to its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These products can be administered externally to the skin to alleviate inflammation and shield against harm caused by free radicals. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: hesperidin 

Why do we use hesperidin?  

hesperidin exhibits antioxidative characteristics, enabling it to neutralize harmful free radicals within the body. This may contribute to its potential health benefits. 

hesperidin may support heart health by promoting healthy blood flow, reducing inflammation, and helping to lower blood pressure. It may also help improve cholesterol levels by reducing LDL (bad) cholesterol and increasing HDL (good) cholesterol.  

Some research suggests that hesperidin may have immune-modulating effects and could potentially help support the immune system. hesperidin’s antioxidant properties may be beneficial for the skin. Topical skincare products often incorporate this ingredient to mitigate the harm on the skin by UV radiation and oxidative stress.