lycopus

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

lycopus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. The most well-known species in this genus is lycopus virginicus, commonly known as bugleweed or Virginia water horehound. lycopus species are native to North America, Europe, and Asia. 

The action of lycopus: lycopus has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties.  

• Thyroid regulation: lycopus has been used traditionally to support thyroid health. It is believed to have the ability to inhibit the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), which may be helpful in cases of hyperthyroidism or excessive thyroid activity. 
• Cardiac effects: lycopus has been used for its potential cardiovascular benefits. It is believed to have a mild sedative effect on the heart, helping to regulate heartbeat and lower blood pressure. 
• Diuretic properties: lycopus has diuretic properties, meaning it can increase urine production and promote the elimination of excess fluids from the body. This action may be beneficial in cases of edema or water retention. 

Spectrum:  

Regarding its spectrum, lycopus primarily affects the endocrine system, particularly the thyroid gland. Its action on the thyroid can help modulate thyroid hormone levels and balance thyroid function. Additionally, its cardiac effects suggest an influence on the cardiovascular system. The diuretic properties of lycopus indicate an impact on the renal system, specifically in promoting urine production and aiding in fluid balance. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

None

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

None 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication 

• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Limited information is available regarding the safety of lycopus during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Therefore, it is generally recommended to avoid its use during these periods to err on the side of caution. 
• Hypothyroidism: lycopus has traditionally been used to help regulate thyroid function in hyperthyroidism (excessive thyroid activity). Therefore, it may not be suitable for individuals with hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or those taking thyroid hormone replacement therapy. 
• Surgery: lycopus may interfere with blood sugar control and clotting. If you have an upcoming surgery, stopping lycopus at least two weeks before the scheduled procedure is advisable to minimize any potential interactions. 
• Diabetes and blood sugar disorders: lycopus may affect blood sugar levels, so individuals with diabetes or other blood sugar disorders should use it cautiously and closely monitor their blood glucose levels. 
• Allergies: Some individuals may be allergic or hypersensitive to lycopus or other plants in the Lamiaceae family. If you have a known allergy to this plant family, it is best to avoid lycopus. 

Caution 

• Dosage: Adhere to the recommended dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional or as indicated on the product packaging. Taking excessive amounts of lycopus or using it for an extended period may have unintended effects. 
• Drug Interactions: lycopus may interact with certain medications. It may lower blood sugar levels, so caution is advised when using it alongside antidiabetic medications, as it could enhance their effects and lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Additionally, due to its potential effects on thyroid function, it may interact with medications used for thyroid disorders. Consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist to determine if there are any potential interactions between lycopus and your current medications. 
• Allergic Reactions: Certain individuals may experience allergic reactions to lycopus or other plants in the Lamiaceae family. If you have a known allergy to this plant family or experience symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing after using lycopus, discontinue and seek medical attention. 
• Monitoring: If you are using lycopus for a specific condition, it is advisable to regularly monitor the relevant parameters, such as thyroid hormone levels, blood sugar levels, or blood pressure, under the guidance of a healthcare professional. This will help ensure that the herb has the desired effects and does not cause any adverse reactions. 
• Quality and Source: To ensure safety and efficacy, purchasing lycopus products from reputable sources that adhere to quality standards and good manufacturing practices are recommended. This helps minimize the risk of contamination or adulteration. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

US FDA pregnancy category: Avoid. 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk: Avoid. 

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    
• Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

The pharmacology of lycopus is not extensively studied, but it is believed to exert its effects through various mechanisms. lycopus is thought to inhibit the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), potentially modulating thyroid hormone levels and exhibiting anti-thyroid activity.

It has been suggested to have a mild sedative effect on the heart, possibly due to its actions on the cardiac system. lycopus may also possess diuretic properties, promoting increased urine production and aiding in fluid balance. Additionally, it has been investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory effects. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

Mechanism of action: lycopus’s exact mechanism of action still needs to be fully understood and is still under investigation.  

• Thyroid regulation: lycopus has been traditionally used to support thyroid health and balance thyroid hormone levels. It is believed to inhibit the enzyme 5′-deiodinase, which converts thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3). By blocking this conversion, lycopus may help modulate thyroid hormone levels and reduce excessive thyroid activity, particularly in cases of hyperthyroidism. 
• Adrenergic receptor modulation: lycopus may interact with adrenergic receptors in the body, particularly the β-adrenergic receptors. Binding to these receptors could have a mild sedative effect on the heart, helping to regulate heartbeat and potentially lowering blood pressure. 
• Anti-inflammatory effects: lycopus has been investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. It may inhibit inflammatory mediators and pathways, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), reducing inflammation and associated symptoms. 
• Antioxidant activity: lycopus contains various phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties. These compounds may scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. 
• Diuretic effects: lycopus has diuretic properties, meaning it can increase urine production and promote the elimination of excess fluids from the body. This action may be attributed to the presence of certain compounds that affect renal function and fluid balance. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

When consumed orally in teas, tinctures, capsules, or tablets, the bioactive compounds present in lycopus are believed to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. The extent and rate of absorption may vary depending on the specific formulation, dosage form, and individual factors. 

Distribution 

Once absorbed, the distribution of lycopus constituents throughout the body needs to be well-documented. The bioactive compounds are expected to be distributed to various tissues and organs, but the specifics are unknown. 

Metabolism 

The metabolic fate of lycopus compounds and the specific enzymes involved in their metabolism have yet to be extensively studied. 

Elimination and Excretion 

The elimination pathways and excretion of lycopus compounds have yet to be thoroughly investigated. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

Oral administration 

• Herbal tea: lycopus can be prepared as a herbal tea by steeping dried or fresh leaves in hot water. You can consume nearly 3 cups of lycopus tea daily, but it’s best to start with a smaller amount and gradually increase as needed. 
• Tincture: lycopus tinctures are alcohol-based extracts of the herb. Tinctures are typically taken by adding the recommended number of drops to water or another beverage and consuming it orally. 
• Capsules or tablets: lycopus is also available as capsules or tablets, which provide a standardized dosage. Follow the instructions on the product label/consult a healthcare professional for the appropriate dosage based on your specific needs. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: lycopus 

Why do we use lycopus? 

lycopus has been traditionally used for various purposes.  

• Thyroid support: lycopus has been used to help regulate thyroid function, particularly in hyperthyroidism (excessive thyroid activity). It is believed to inhibit the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), potentially helping to balance thyroid hormone levels. 
• Cardiovascular health: lycopus has been used for its potential cardiovascular benefits. It is believed to have a mild sedative effect on the heart, helping to regulate heartbeat and lower blood pressure. It may also support healthy blood circulation. 
• Menstrual support: lycopus has been traditionally used to support menstrual health. It may help regulate menstrual cycles, alleviate cramps, and reduce excessive menstrual bleeding. 
• Anxiety and nervous system support: lycopus has been used for its calming and sedative effects on the nervous system. It may help reduce anxiety, nervousness, and restlessness. 
• Diuretic properties: lycopus has diuretic properties, meaning it can increase urine production and promote the elimination of excess fluids from the body. This action may be beneficial in cases of edema or water retention. 
• Anti-inflammatory effects: lycopus has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. It may help reduce inflammation and associated symptoms.