- March 15, 2022
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Brand Name :
pineal hormone melatonin
Synonyms :
melatonin
Class :
Neurology & Psychiatry, Herbals
Take 3-5 mg of medication orally daily before bedtime
Take 20 mg of medication orally once a day at bedtime
Indicated for Prevention of Cluster Headache:
10
mg
Orally
every day
before sleeping
Indicated for Benzodiazepine Withdrawal in Elderly with Insomnia Administering 2 mg of controlled-release medication orally daily before sleeping for a maximum of 6 months
followed by a gradual reduction of the dosage over a period of 6 weeks
Take 0.5-5 mg of medication orally at bedtime Eastbound Take an early evening dose of the medication before the flight, followed by a dose at bedtime, for a total of 4 days Westbound Administer the treatment at bedtime for four consecutive days when traveling to a different time zone
abametapir affect the hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism to increase the level or effect of melatonin
givosiran affect the hepatic enzyme CYP1A2 metabolism to increase the level or effect of melatonin
sodium oxybate and melatonin exhibit pharmacodynamic synergism, which results in the increased effects of each other
melatonin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
melatonin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
melatonin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
melatonin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
melatonin: they may enhance the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Inhibitors
the drug midazolam has sedative effects, as does melatonin hence both enhance sedation
midodrine reduces sedation while melatonin enhances sedation
mirtazapine and melatonin both increase sedation
modafinil has the opposite effect of decreasing sedation while melatonin increases it
it may enhance the sedation when combined with lofexidine
The concentration serum of melatonin may be intensified by estrogen derivative
The concentration serum of melatonin may be intensified by estrogen derivative
bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens
The concentration serum of melatonin may be intensified by estrogen derivative
The concentration serum of melatonin may be intensified by estrogen derivative
The concentration serum of melatonin may be intensified by estrogen derivative
The potential for increased CNS depression risk or seriousness occurs when melatonin is used together with pinazepam
The potential for increased CNS depression risk or seriousness occurs when melatonin is used together with pipecuronium
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Melatonin
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Melatonin
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Melatonin
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Melatonin
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Melatonin
When melatonin is used together with levosulpiride, the risk or seriousness of CNS depression is enhanced
CYP1A2 inhibitors increase the concentration of melatonin in serum
It may enhance the risk of adverse reactions when combined with P2Y12 inhibitors
It may enhance the risk of adverse reactions when combined with P2Y12 inhibitors
Actions and Spectrum:
The action of drug is primarily mediated through its binding to specific receptors in the brain, particularly in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which is the central regulator of the body’s circadian rhythms. By binding to these receptors, melatonin helps to synchronize the body’s internal clock with external cues such as light and darkness.
The spectrum of drug is broad, with effects on a variety of physiological processes. It is primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, but it also has effects on immune system function, blood pressure regulation, and body temperature regulation. Additionally, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties suggest that it may have a broad range of therapeutic potential.
Frequency not defined.
Abdominal cramps
Dizziness
Alertness decreased
Daytime fatigue
Headache
Circadian rhythm disruption
Depression (transient)
Dysphoria in depressed patients
Drowsiness
Black Box Warning:
Suicidality and depression
Contraindication/Caution:
The drug is contraindicated in the following conditions:
Autoimmune disorders
Depression and other mental health conditions
Blood thinners
Seizure disorders
Liver disease
Pregnancy warnings:
Pregnancy category: N/A
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
melatonin helps regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and it is sometimes used as a supplement to improve.
Pharmacodynamics:
melatonin is a hormone that is primarily involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Its pharmacodynamics involve binding to specific melatonin receptors in the brain, which are part of the G protein-coupled receptor family.
The primary effect of the drug is to promote sleep and regulate circadian rhythms. This is accomplished through its action on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain, the master pacemaker that regulates the timing of the sleep-wake cycle.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
Following oral administration, the medication is quickly absorbed, and the highest concentrations in the bloodstream are reached within 1-2 hours.
Distribution
The medication is extensively distributed throughout the body, including vital organs such as the brain, liver, and kidneys. It has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and access the cerebrospinal fluid, where it functions as a neuromodulator.
Metabolism
The liver primarily metabolizes the drug by the enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2C19.The primary metabolite is 6-hydroxymelatonin, which is metabolized to 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and excreted in the urine.
Excretion and elimination:
The drug and its metabolites are eliminated primarily in urine, with a small amount excreted in feces. The elimination half-life of melatonin is relatively short, ranging from 20-50 minutes, and clearance is primarily via renal excretion.
Administration:
Dosage: It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before taking melatonin to determine the appropriate dosage for your needs.
Timing: The drug should be taken appropriately to optimize its effectiveness. For individuals with difficulty falling asleep, melatonin should be taken approximately 30 minutes before bedtime for individuals with difficulty falling asleep.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: melatonin
Why do we use melatonin?
Jet lag: The drug can alleviate the symptoms of jet lag, such as fatigue and insomnia, by helping reset the body’s internal clock.
Insomnia: The drug can help people fall asleep and stay asleep.
Sleep disorders: The drug has been used to treat various sleep disorders, including delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, shift work disorder, and sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Migraines: Melatonin has been shown to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines in some people.
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Founded in 2014, medtigo is committed to providing high-quality, friendly physicians, transparent pricing, and a focus on building relationships and a lifestyle brand for medical professionals nationwide.
MASSACHUSETTS – USA
60 Roberts Drive, Suite 313,
North Adams, MA 01247
MAHARASHTRA – INDIA
7, Shree Krishna, 2nd Floor,
Opp Kiosk Koffee,
Shirole Lane, Off FC Road,
Pune 411004, Maharashtra
