menotropins

Action and Spectrum

Actions and spectrum: 

menotropins are a mixture of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women. menotropins act as gonadotropins, which are hormones that stimulate the gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) to produce and secrete sex hormones and gametes.

FSH stimulates the ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and promotes the development of the corpus luteum. menotropins are used to stimulate ovulation in women with certain fertility problems and to stimulate spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency defined 

>10% 

Injection site pain (4-12%) 

OHSS (13%) 

Nausea (12%) 

Abdominal pain (18%) 

Headache (34%) 

1-10% 

Hot flashes (0.6-2.6%) 

Flu-like syndrome (1.3-2.6%) 

Cough increased (1.6-2.6%) 

Constipation (1.6%) 

Breast tenderness (1.8%) 

Migraine (2.4%) 

Flushing (2.4%) 

Dizziness (2.6%) 

Malaise (2.8%) 

Diarrhea (2.8%) 

Menstrual irregularities (3.2%) 

Back pain (3.2%) 

Vaginal hemorrhage (3.2%) 

Ovarian disease (3.8%) 

Respiratory disorder (3.9-5.8%) 

<1% 

Hyperstimulation & ovarian enlargement  

Frequency not defined 

Arterial thromboembolism 

Hemoperitoneum 

Gynecomastia in males 

Black Box Warning

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• Hypersensitivity to menotropins or any of its components 
• Pregnancy 
• Ovarian, uterine, or mammary carcinoma 
• Abnormal uterine bleeding of undetermined origin 
• polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 
• Sex hormone-dependent tumors of the pituitary or hypothalamus 
• Malformations of sexual organs incompatible with pregnancy 
• Prior hypersensitivity reaction to human gonadotropins

Caution: 

• Ovarian cysts or enlargement not caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding of unknown origin 
• Primary ovarian failure 
• Thyroid or adrenal dysfunction 
• Pituitary tumor or other pituitary or hypothalamic disease 
• History of thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, or cerebral vascular disease 
• Pregnancy or lactation 
• Allergy to any component of the product

Comorbidities: 

• Ovarian Cysts: menotropins should not be used in women who have uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction or have ovarian cysts or enlargement not due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 
• PCOS: In women with PCOS, the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) may be increased. 
• Asthma: menotropins can cause bronchospasm in individuals with a history of asthma. 
• Cardiovascular disease: Individuals with cardiovascular disease may be at an increased risk of thromboembolic events when undergoing fertility treatment. 
• Renal impairment: Renal impairment may affect the elimination of menotropins, and dosage adjustments may be required. 
• Hepatic impairment: Hepatic impairment may affect the metabolism of menotropins, and dosage adjustments may be required. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: pregnancy category X 

Lactation: safety and efficacy not established  

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: There is no evidence of risk to the fetus found in animal reproduction studies and there are not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for an effect in humans, care must be taken for potential risks in pregnant women. 
• Category D: There is adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite potential risks may be used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh risks over benefits These category drugs should be prohibited for pregnant women. 
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

menotropins are a mixture of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) derived from the urine of postmenopausal women. FSH and LH are gonadotropins that play important roles in the regulation of the female menstrual cycle and male and female fertility. 

FSH stimulates the development and growth of ovarian follicles in women and spermatogenesis in men. LH stimulates the production of testosterone in men and triggers ovulation in women. menotropins can therefore be used to treat infertility in both men and women.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

menotropins are a combination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that stimulate the ovaries to produce follicles, which contain eggs, in women who are unable to ovulate on their own. FSH stimulates the ovarian follicles and their production of estrogen, while LH triggers ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum. 

menotropins act on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release and production of FSH and LH. In women, these hormones stimulate the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs. In men, FSH and LH stimulate the production of sperm in the testes. 

The pharmacodynamics of menotropins depend on their dosage, route of administration, and the patient’s individual response. When used in women, the goal of treatment is to achieve ovulation and improve fertility. In men, treatment aims to increase sperm production and improve fertility.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

menotropins are administered through the subcutaneous route, and their absorption is rapid and complete. After injection, peak serum concentrations are usually reached in 5-8 hours. 

Distribution 

menotropins are distributed throughout the body, and their distribution is limited to the extracellular fluid. They have an elimination half-life of 3-5 hours. 

Metabolism 

Metabolism of menotropins occurs primarily in the liver and the kidney, where they undergo proteolytic degradation. menotropins do not undergo significant metabolism in the body. 

Elimination and excretion 

menotropins are excreted primarily through the kidneys. The elimination of menotropins occurs by both glomerular filtration and renal tubular secretion. A small amount of menotropins is excreted in the feces. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

menotropins are usually administered by subcutaneous injection. The dose and administration schedule may vary depending on the individual patient and the indication for treatment.

The medication is often given in a stepwise approach, with doses gradually increasing over time until the desired effect is achieved. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding the administration of menotropins. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: menotropins 

Pronounced: [ MEN-oh-troe-pins]  

Why do we use menotropins? 

menotropins are used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) for the treatment of infertility in women.

They are used to stimulate the development of multiple follicles in the ovaries, which can increase the chances of pregnancy in women who have difficulty ovulating or who have unexplained infertility.

menotropins can also be used in men to stimulate the production of sperm in cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.