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Brand Name :
Entonox, Nitronox, Nitralgin
Synonyms :
Laughing gas, dinitrogen monoxide, nitrogen protoxide
Class :
General anesthetics
Brand Name :
Entonox, Nitronox, Nitralgin
Synonyms :
Laughing gas, dinitrogen monoxide, nitrogen protoxide
Class :
General anesthetics
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Inhalation anesthetic
Anesthesia
Inhaled orally(via mouth)
Light dose
4-8g (1/2 to 1 cartridge)
Common dose
8-16g (1-2 cartridges)
Strong dose
16-40g (2-5 cartridges)
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Inhalation anesthetic
Dental procedure (lengthy)
It is indicated for use along with oxygen in treatment of an anxious or fearful patient, unintentional movement, hypersensitive gag that interferes dental procedures, for patients in those local anesthesia cannot be obtained
Refer to adult dosing
The potential for increased CNS depression risk or seriousness occurs when nitrous oxide is used together with pipecuronium
Actions and spectrum:
Nitrous oxide works by interfering with the release of endorphins that are known to be involved in producing analgesic effects. It is known to relieve extreme pain due to burns and injuries. It is also used as an inhalation anesthetic in specific surgical procedures.
Frequency not defined
Nausea
Vomiting
Paresthesia
Numbness
Lack of concentration
Life-threatening events:
Granulocytopenia
Aplastic anemia
Hypoxia due to overdose
Severe:
Atonia
Peripheral neuropathy
Black Box Warning
None
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication:
Infection or disturbance of middle ear
Sinusitis
Cough
Tonsilitis
Cold
Glaucoma
Emotional disturbances
Bleomycin sulfate treatment
Deficiency of vitamin B12 that is untreated
Caution:
First trimester of pregnancy
Liver failure
Kidney failure
Pregnancy consideration:
USFDA pregnancy category: not recommended
Lactation:
Pregnancy category:
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.
Category B: There was a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence, these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category.
Pharmacology:
Nitrous oxide is an inhalation anesthetic known to possess analgesic activity
Pharmacodynamics:
The mechanism of action of nitrous oxide is not known.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
The onset of action takes place in 4-5 deep breaths on inhalation of nitrous oxide.
Distribution
Peak absorption can be reached immediately
Elimination and excretion
Nitrous oxide is eliminated renally in an unchanged form.
Administration:
Nitrous oxide should be given in well-ventilated parts
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: nitrous oxide
Why do we use nitrous oxide?
Nitrous oxide is mainly indicated for the treatment of pain, surgical anesthesia, dental caries, and analgesia without regaining consciousness and pain. It can also be used as an alternative medication in adjunctive therapy for burn and wound dressing.
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