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Brand Name :
Mydcombi
Synonyms :
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
Class :
alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, anticholinergic
Brand Name :
Mydcombi
Synonyms :
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
Class :
alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, anticholinergic
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Ophthalmic spray
tropicamide 1% and phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5%
Indicated for diagnostic procedures and short-term pupil dilation:
Spray the cornea of each eye with one measured spray, then wait 5 minutes and repeat. The tropicamide and phenylephrine HCl in each metered spray is 0.008 mL (0.08 mg and 0.2 mg, respectively)
Refer adult dosing
Actions and Spectrum:
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic solution is a combination medication used to dilate the pupil and reduce the pain associated with specific eye exams or procedures.
phenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic drug that works by stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the iris, leading to constriction of the dilator muscle and dilation of the pupil. This effect is achieved by the selective binding of phenylephrine to the alpha-1 receptors in the iris, leading to increased sympathetic activity in the eye and an increase in the constriction of the pupil.
Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug that blocks the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the eye. This effect results in the relaxation of the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens in the eye, leading to pupil dilation.
The combination of phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic solution produces a synergistic effect, with the phenylephrine hydrochloride causing pupil dilation and the tropicamide helping to maintain the dilation for a more extended period.
The spectrum of activity of phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic solution is limited to the eye and surrounding tissues. The medication is not intended for systemic use and should not significantly affect other organs or systems in the body. However, some side effects may occur, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure, which may be more likely in individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease.
Frequency not defined
reduced visual acuity
superficial punctate keratitis
mild eye discomfort
transient blurred vision
photophobia
tachycardia
allergic reactions
vomiting
central nervous system disturbances
dryness of the mouth
headache
nausea
pallor
muscle rigidity
Contraindications/caution:
Contraindications:
Caution:
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data available
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknown
Pregnancy category:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic solution are a combination of medications used in the eye to dilate the pupil and reduce the production of aqueous humor, which can help with specific eye examinations and procedures.
phenylephrine hydrochloride is a sympathomimetic drug that selectively stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the iris dilator muscle, leading to pupil dilation. It also constricts blood vessels in the eye, which can help to reduce redness and inflammation.
tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug that blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the iris sphincter muscle, leading to pupil dilation. It also reduces aqueous humor production, which can help lower intraocular pressure.
When used together, phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide can produce a more complete and sustained pupil dilation than either drug alone.
Pharmacodynamics:
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
When administered as eye drops, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and tropicamide are primarily absorbed through the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye and into the bloodstream. The rate and extent of absorption can vary based on the dose and formulation used, as well as individual factors such as tear production and eye health.
Distribution
Once absorbed, phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide are distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. They have a relatively short half-life and are rapidly metabolized, which limits their distribution to the site of action in the eye.
Metabolism
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide are metabolized in the liver and other tissues, primarily by enzymes such as cytochrome P450. The metabolites are generally less active than the parent compounds and are excreted in the urine.
Elimination and Excretion
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide are eliminated from the body primarily via the renal route. The elimination half-life of phenylephrine hydrochloride is approximately 2-3 hours, while the elimination half-life of tropicamide is approximately 2 hours.
Administration:
phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic solution is typically administered as eye drops and should only be used under the direction of a healthcare provider or eye specialist.
The recommended dose and frequency of administration may vary based on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient’s response to the medication. Typically, 1-2 drops of the solution are instilled into the affected eye(s), and the patient may be instructed to close their eyes briefly to allow for proper absorption.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic
Why do we use phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide ophthalmic?
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