plazomicin

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

plazomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used to treat serious bacterial infections caused by certain gram-negative bacteria. It is active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae (such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

plazomicin has a bactericidal mode of action, which means it kills bacteria directly. It acts by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein synthesis. This leads to the formation of mistranslated proteins, which causes the bacterial cell to die. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

1-10%: 

Decreased renal function (3.6%) 

Diarrhea (2.3%) 

Headache (1.3%) 

Hypotension (1%) 

Nausea (1.3%) 

Treatment-related ototoxicity (2.2%) 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

It is essential to follow the dosage and administration instructions for the medication carefully.

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

plazomicin should not be used in people hypersensitive to the drug itself. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

Females of reproductive potential are advised not to become pregnant during the treatment. The drug may cause harm to the fetus. 

Breastfeeding warnings:  

No data is available regarding the presence of the drug in breast milk. 

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies do not show risk to the fetus in the first/later trimester.        
• Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.        
• Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.       
• Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.        
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.        
• Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology 

plazomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that acts by binding to the bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis. It causes bacterial death and the elimination of the infection. plazomicin is active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae (such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamic properties of plazomicin are characterized by a high bacterial killing activity and low emergence of resistance. The drug is usually administered intravenously and has a rapid onset of action, making it an effective treatment option for serious bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Pharmacokinetics: 

plazomicin is typically administered intravenously, and it has a rapid onset of action. Following intravenous administration, the drug is rapidly and completely absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 30 minutes. The volume of distribution of plazomicin is relatively low, around 0.3 L/kg. The drug is eliminated through kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. The elimination half-life of plazomicin is about 1-2 hours. 

Absorption 

The peak plasma concentration is 73.7 mcg/ml for healthy subjects. Whereas 51 mcg/ml for chronic subjects. 

The AUC is 257 mcg·hr/mL for healthy subjects. Whereas 226 mcg·hr/mL for chronic subjects 

Distribution 

The percent of bound protein is 20% 

The volume of distribution is 17.9 L for healthy subjects. Whereas 30.8L for chronic subjects. 

Metabolism 

plazomicin does not metabolize up to a great extent.  

Elimination and excretion 

The half-life of plazomicin is 3.5 hours, and 4.5L/hr is the clearance rate.

Adminstartion

Administration: 

plazomicin is administered through an intravenous route. It is compatible with 0.9% NaCl or Ringer solution. Do not mix other drugs with the solution.

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: plazomicin 

Pronounced: plah-zoh-mis-in 

Why do we use plazomicin? 

plazomicin is an aminoglycoside. It helps in the treatment of various Urinary Tract Infections.