pyridoxal phosphate

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Actions: 

This is the vitamin B6 active form of vitamin B6,  a coenzyme in the formation of amino acids, aminolevulinic acid, sphingolipids, and neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin). Pyridoxal phosphate is momentarily changed into pyridoxamine phosphate during the transamination of amino acids. 

Spectrum: 

As a coenzyme, this potent vitamin B6 formulation affects the body’s numerous metabolic processes. It is typically used to treat anemia, inflammation of the mucosa, skin, and nerves brought on by a deficiency in vitamin B6, and to supplement vitamin B6 when inadequate ingestion occurs through food. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined 

Neuropathy 

Somnolence 

Acidosis 

Headache 

Paresthesia 

Raised ALT  

Decreased folate 

Seizures 

Nausea 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

Never use more medication than is recommended. Increasing your dosage won’t help your symptoms; instead, it could lead to poisoning or other dangerous side effects.

In the event that you or anyone else you know could have overdosed on pyridoxal 5-phosphate, please visit the emergency room of the nearest medical facility or assisted living facility. Carry a medication box, container, or label with you so that medical professionals have the information they need. 

Even if you know someone else has the same ailment or it appears like they might, you should never give your medication to someone else. This could result in overdosing. For further information, please refer to the product box, your doctor, or your chemist. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindications 

• Hypersensitivity 

Cautions 

• Renal impairment 
• Neuropathy 
• Pyridoxine deficiency 
• Hepatic impairment 
• Dependence/ Withdrawal 
• Drug interactions 
• Neonates 
• Pregnancy 
• Breastfeeding 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

Pregnancy category: A or C when recommendations of RDA exceeded 

Breastfeeding warnings:  

Safe  

Pregnancy category: A or C 

Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

Pyridoxal precursor is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in addition to aiding in the creation of GABA. 

Helps to release the stored glycogen in the muscles and liver.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

Pyridoxal Phosphate functions as a coenzyme in numerous enzymatic reactions and represents the vitamin B6 active state, comprising pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxine. Active participation of this coenzyme in oxylation, transamination, and deamination reactions of amino acids.

The Schiff-base linkage is formed by a group of aldehyde within pyridoxal phosphate, with a lysine (specific) group (enzyme of aminotransferase), where the group(alpha-amino) of the substrate (amino acid) displaces the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue (active-site).

The ensuing aldimine undergoes deprotonation, transforming into a intermediate (quinoid), ultimately accepting a positive ion to become a ketimine at a distinct position. Amino group is retained within the complex of protein by the Hydrolysis of the ketimine. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

Well absorbed (enteral/parenteral) 

Metabolism 

Metobolized to active forms such as pyridoxamine phosphate and pyridoxal phosphate 

Elimination and Excretion 

The half-life is 15-20 days 

The drug is excreted in urine. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

It can be administered orally or through an NJ or NG tube. 

Administer dosage right away. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: pyridoxal phosphate 

Pronounced: Pye-rid-ox-all Phos-fate 

Why do we use pyridoxal phosphate? 

The body uses pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, as a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic processes. This coenzyme is integral to the metabolism of amino acids, neurotransmitters, and various essential molecules. The following are key reasons highlighting the indispensability of pyridoxal phosphate: 

1. Amino Acid Metabolism: PLP participates in the transamination of amino acids, a pivotal process in the synthesis and breakdown of diverse amino acids. It facilitates the conversion of one amino acid into another, aiding in the interconversion of amino acids. 
2. Neurotransmitter Synthesis: PLP is indispensable for the synthesis of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These neurotransmitters play critical roles in regulating mood, sleep, and overall brain function. 
3. Hemoglobin Synthesis: PLP is involved in the synthesis of heme, a crucial component of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, essential for oxygen transport in red blood cells, relies on PLP for its formation. 
4. Glycogen Breakdown: PLP actively participates in the breakdown of glycogen, the stored form of glucose, releasing glucose when needed for energy. 
5. One-Carbon Metabolism: PLP contributes to one-carbon metabolism, playing a role in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines—essential components of DNA and RNA. 
6. Immune System Function: PLP is instrumental in supporting the proper functioning of the immune system. 
7. Niacin Synthesis: PLP is involved in the synthesis of niacin (vitamin B3) from tryptophan, a crucial step in maintaining overall health and well-being.