sodium acid phosphate

Action and Spectrum

Actions and spectrum: 

• Acidifier: sodium acid phosphate is commonly used as a food additive to provide acidity and enhance the tartness of certain food and beverage products. 
• pH regulation: It can be used as a pH regulator in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment, to adjust the pH of solutions and maintain stability. 
• Buffering agent: sodium acid phosphate acts as a buffering agent, helping to maintain the pH stability of solutions and prevent excessive changes in acidity or alkalinity. 
• Electrolyte balance: In medical applications, sodium acid phosphate may be used as a source of phosphorus and sodium to help restore electrolyte balance in cases of deficiencies or imbalances. 
• Phosphate supplementation: sodium acid phosphate can be used as a dietary supplement to provide a source of phosphate, which is essential for various physiological processes, including bone health and energy metabolism. 
• Laboratory reagent: sodium acid phosphate is commonly used in laboratory settings as a reagent for various chemical reactions and analytical procedures. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined 

Aspiration 

Headache 

Vomiting 

Bloating 

Nausea 

Dehydration, Metabolic acidosis 

Cardiac arrhythmia 

QT interval prolongation 

Dizziness 

Abdominal pain 

Mucosal bleeding 

Colonic mucosal ulceration 

Electrolyte imbalance:  hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypernatremia 

Acute phosphate nephropathy 

Facial edema 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

sodium acid phosphate does not have any specific black box warning. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• Hyperphosphatemia: sodium acid phosphate should be used with caution in individuals with high levels of phosphate in the blood. Excessive intake of phosphorus can further increase phosphate levels, which may lead to health complications. 
• Kidney Disease: Individuals with impaired kidney function may have difficulty excreting phosphorus from the body. Therefore, caution is advised in such individuals to prevent further accumulation of phosphorus in the blood. 
• Electrolyte Imbalance: sodium acid phosphate can affect the balance of electrolytes in the body, particularly phosphate and calcium.  
• Allergy or Sensitivity: Some individuals may have allergies or sensitivities to sodium acid phosphate or other phosphate-containing compounds.

Caution: 

• Renal Impairment: sodium acid phosphate should be used with caution in individuals with kidney problems or impaired renal function.  
• Electrolyte Imbalance: sodium acid phosphate can impact the balance of electrolytes in the body, particularly phosphate and calcium.  
• Chronic Conditions: Individuals with chronic conditions, such as heart disease, liver disease, or diabetes, should exercise caution when using sodium acid phosphate.  
• Medication Interactions: sodium acid phosphate may interact with certain medications, including those used to treat heart conditions, seizures, and certain antibiotics.  
• Allergy or Sensitivity: Some individuals may have allergies or sensitivities to sodium acid phosphate or other phosphate-containing compounds.

Comorbidities: 

sodium acid phosphate is primarily used as a medication for correcting electrolyte imbalances and treating certain kidney conditions. The choice of treatment depends on individual patient factors and medical history. As a mineral supplement, sodium acid phosphate is safe for use in individuals without specific comorbidities. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: N/A 

Lactation: N/A 

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: There is no evidence of risk to the fetus found in animal reproduction studies and there are not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for an effect in humans, care must be taken for potential risks in pregnant women. 
• Category D: There is adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite potential risks may be used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh risks over benefits These category drugs should be prohibited for pregnant women. 
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

sodium acid phosphate, also known as monosodium phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate, is a compound used primarily as a buffering agent and pH regulator in pharmaceutical formulations and as a food additive. Here are some key points regarding its pharmacology: 

• Buffering Agent: sodium acid phosphate acts as a buffering agent, helping to maintain the pH of a solution within a desired range. It can stabilize the pH of formulations, preventing significant changes in acidity or alkalinity. 
• Acidic Properties: sodium acid phosphate is an acidic compound, contributing to its buffering properties. It can react with bases to neutralize or adjust the pH of a solution. 
• Pharmacokinetics: sodium acid phosphate is typically administered orally or intravenously. After oral administration, it is rapidly absorbed in the GIT and undergoes metabolism in the liver.  
• Excretion: sodium acid phosphate is primarily excreted via the kidneys. The excess amounts get eliminated in the urine. 
• Drug Interactions: sodium acid phosphate may interact with certain medications, particularly those that affect urinary pH or renal function.

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamic properties of sodium acid phosphate can be known in the context of its role as a buffering agent. It helps maintain the pH of a solution within a desired range by acting as a weak acid. It can react with bases in the solution to neutralize them and maintain the pH balance. By regulating pH, sodium acid phosphate ensures the stability and effectiveness of pharmaceutical formulations or helps adjust the acidity of certain food products. 

It is important to note that the pharmacodynamic properties of sodium acid phosphate is primarily related to its chemical characteristics and its ability to modify the pH of a solution. Its actions are not directed towards specific physiological targets or pathways in the body.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

sodium acid phosphate is typically dissolved in water or other liquid solutions for administration or incorporation into food products. Once ingested, it dissociates into its ionic components, sodium, and phosphate. The absorption of these ions occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Distribution 

Upon absorption, sodium and phosphate ions are distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. sodium ions are regulated by various homeostatic mechanisms, including renal excretion, while phosphate ions play essential roles in bone formation, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes. 

Metabolism 

sodium acid phosphate is not metabolized in the body since it is an inorganic compound. 

Elimination and excretion 

sodium ions are primarily excreted by the kidneys through urine, while phosphate ions are excreted through a combination of renal and gastrointestinal routes. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

sodium acid phosphate is typically administered orally. It is available in powder form or granular form, which can be dissolved in water or other liquid solutions for ingestion.

The dosage and administration instructions may vary based on the specific product and its use. sodium acid phosphate may be taken with or without food, as directed. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: sodium acid phosphate 

Pronounced: (soh-dee-uhm ass-id fohs-feyt)  

Why do we use sodium acid phosphate? 

• Food Industry: sodium acid phosphate is used as a food additive and a buffering agent in processed foods. It helps regulate pH levels, enhance texture, and improve the stability of food products. 
• Pharmaceutical Industry: sodium acid phosphate may be used as an excipient or buffering agent in the formulation of certain medications and pharmaceutical preparations. 
• Water Treatment: sodium acid phosphate is sometimes employed in water treatment processes to adjust the pH level of water or to control the precipitation of certain substances. 
• Laboratory Applications: sodium acid phosphate may be used in laboratory settings for various purposes, such as pH adjustment or as a component in specific chemical reactions