sodium chloride/sodium citrate

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum 

sodium chloride is an essential mineral required for the normal functioning of the human body. It plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. sodium citrate is a salt of citric acid and sodium. It acts as a buffering agent and is used to control the acidity or pH of solutions.

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Hypotension 

Hypomagnesemia 

Fluid volume disorder 

Hypokalemia 

Metabolic acidosis 

Hypophosphatemia 

Metabolic alkalosis  

Hypoglycemia 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning 

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• sodium chloride should be avoided in individuals with high levels of sodium in their blood. 
• sodium citrate should be avoided in individuals with metabolic alkalosis. 

Caution: 

• People with kidney problems like kidney disease or impaired renal function should use sodium chloride/sodium citrate cautiously. 
• Individuals with hypertension may need to limit the sodium intake. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: 

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknown  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 

<b>Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.  

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women. 

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women. 

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology  

sodium chloride ions are essential for nerve cell function and transmission of nerve impulses. They help generate action potentials necessary for communication between nerve cells and muscle cells. 

sodium citrate can bind to certain metal ions. This chelating action can be useful in preventing the formation of kidney stones and as a component of anticoagulant solutions used in blood collection tubes. 

Pharmacodynamics 

sodium chloride ions are involved in the depolarization phase of action potentials in nerve cells and muscle fibers. This is fundamental for nerve conduction and muscle contraction. 

sodium citrate acts as a buffer, helping to regulate the body’s acid-base balance. It can neutralize excess stomach acid and raise the pH of stomach contents. 

Pharmacokinetics 

Absorption   

sodium chloride/sodium citrate both rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Distribution 

sodium chloride/sodium citrate both are distributed throughout the extracellular fluid compartments of the body. 

Metabolism 

sodium chloride is not metabolized in the body. It dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). 

While sodium citrate is metabolized in the liver, where it is converted to bicarbonate ions. 

Elimination and excretion 

The excess amount of sodium ions and sodium citrate both excreted through the kidneys.

Adminstartion

Administration 

It should be use via extracorporeal administration only and avoid direct intravenous administration.  

Administer using an integrated preblood pump with proper extracorporeal renal replacement equipment in predilution mode only.  

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: sodium chloride/sodium citrate 

Why do we use sodium chloride/sodium citrate? 

sodium chloride/sodium citrate is used as replacement solution in adults in treatment of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). 

sodium chloride is used to rehydrate patients and restore electrolyte balance, especially in case of dehydration.   

sodium citrate is used as antacids to relieve heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux by neutralizing excess stomach acid.