tea tree oil

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum:  

Action: 

tea tree oil possesses potent antiseptic properties that enable it to eliminate or hinder the growth of different types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Furthermore, it has anti-inflammatory characteristics that aid in minimizing inflammation, redness, and discomfort that often accompany various skin disorders. 

Spectrum:  

Bacteria: tea tree oil can be effective against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

Viruses: tea tree oil can be effective against certain viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and influenza virus. 

Fungi: tea tree oil can be effective against various fungi, including Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined. 

ototoxicity (otitis use) 

Allergic contact eczema 

Local irritation/inflammation 

Allergic contact dermatitis 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

The black box warning for tea tree oil states that ingestion of tea tree oil can cause severe toxicity, including central nervous system depression, confusion, ataxia, and coma.

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Allergic reactions:  patients who is having any allergy disorders such as rashes, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. 

Skin conditions: The drug should not be used on damaged or broken skin as it can cause further irritation and delay healing. 

Medications: The drug may interact with certain medications, including blood thinners, antifungal drugs, and some antidepressants. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

Pharmacologically, tea tree oil contains several active constituents, including terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, and cineole. These compounds are responsible for the oil’s antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The substance exhibits potent antimicrobial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of a viruses, fungi, and bacteria. This is achieved through the disruption of the microorganisms’ cell membrane, leading to the leakage of intracellular contents and eventual cell death. 

Furthermore, the drug has anti-inflammatory effects, capable of reducing inflammation and redness on the skin.  The drug has several mechanism which involves the inhibition of cytokine and other inflammatory mediator production, which is implicated in the development of inflammatory skin conditions. 

Additionally, the drug is a notable source of antioxidants, which provide protection against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. It can effectively scavenge free radicals and prevent them from damaging skin cells, thus enhancing overall skin health.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

The drug is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, and it can also be absorbed through inhalation and ingestion. When applied topically, tea tree oil can penetrate the skin’s layers and reach the bloodstream.  

Distribution 

 The drug can be distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. It can potentially affect the central nervous system and the fetus during pregnancy. 

Metabolism 

The metabolism of the drug take place in the liver through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Some of the main metabolites of tea tree oil include terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, and 1,8-cineole.  

Excretion and elimination 

 The drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body through various routes, including the urine, feces, and exhalation. The elimination half-life of tea tree oil is approximately 12 hours. 

Adminstartion

Administration:   

The drug can be applied topically to the skin, either directly or diluted with a carrier oil, such as coconut or jojoba oil. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: tea tree oil 

Why do we use tea tree oil?  

Skincare: The drug is known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it a popular ingredient in skincare products. It can help to reduce acne, soothe skin irritation, and promote healthy skin. 

Insect repellent: The drug can be used as a natural insect repellent. It is effective against mosquitoes, flies, and other insects. 

Aromatherapy: The drug has a fresh, clean fragrance that promote relaxation and reduce stress. 

Oral health: The drug can be added to toothpaste or mouthwash to help promote oral health. It is believed to be effective against bad breath, gum disease, and oral infections.