urea oral

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

By osmotically excreting free water, urea lowers serum sodium. urea also alleviates hyponatremia in the syndrome of insufficient antidiuretic hormone production by reducing natriuresis in combination with increasing medullary urea concentration. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Black Box Warning

Black box warning: 

None 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindications/caution: 

• Allergy or Hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to urea or any other component of the oral urea formulation should avoid its use. 
• Severe Renal Impairment: oral urea is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Individuals with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease may not be able to eliminate urea from their system adequately.  
• Liver Dysfunction: urea is metabolized by the liver, and individuals with severe liver dysfunction may have difficulty metabolizing and eliminating urea effectively. 
• Urinary Tract Obstruction: If there is an obstruction or blockage in the urinary tract, oral urea may be contraindicated, as it can increase urine production and potentially exacerbate the obstruction. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data available 

Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknown 

Pregnancy category: 

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

Osmotic Diuretic: urea has mild diuretic properties due to its ability to increase urine volume by osmotically drawing water into the renal tubules. This diuretic effect is relatively weak compared to other diuretics and is not commonly used. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

oral urea is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is a small, water-soluble molecule that can readily pass through the gastrointestinal epithelium. 

Distribution 

urea is distributed throughout the body after absorption. Its low molecular weight allows it to cross cell membranes readily. urea is hydrophilic and mainly distributed in the extracellular fluid compartment. 

Metabolism 

urea undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis by the enzyme urease, which is present in the liver. Urease catalyzes the breakdown of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. This metabolic process occurs primarily in the liver, and the resulting metabolites are further metabolized and eliminated from the body. 

Elimination and Excretion 

The main route of excretion for urea is through the kidneys. It is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine. The glomerulus filters urea and then reabsorbed and excreted in varying amounts depending on factors such as hydration status, renal function, and other physiological conditions. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

Oral Administration: 

Combine one sachet (15 gms) with 3 to 4 ounces of juice or water to drink. 

Storage 

Store in a dry and cool place 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: urea oral 

Why do we use urea oral? 

urea oral is used in the management of hyponatremia as a medical food.