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Second-hand smoke exposure is a significant global health concern, responsible for 1.3 million annual deaths, many of which result from heart attacks. Despite the known dangers of second-hand smoke, evidence of the health benefits of comprehensive smoke-free laws has primarily focused on indoor smoking bans rather than extending restrictions to housing estates and outdoor spaces. In 2013, Singapore took a significant step by extending smoke-free legislation to all communal areas of residential blocks, covering approximately 80% of the population. This legislation also included outdoor spaces such as covered linkways, overhead bridges, and areas within 5 meters of bus stops. Subsequently, in 2016, the ban was further extended to include all parks, and in 2017, it applied to all educational institutions, buses, and taxis.
Singapore’s Smoking Ban Extension Prevents 20,000 Heart Attacks (medtigo.com)