In a groundbreaking meta-analysis conducted by the Welsh Aspirin Group at Cardiff University, aspirin has emerged as a promising and cost-effective medication that could play a pivotal role in cancer treatment. The research, titled “Aspirin and cancer treatment: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evidence: for and against,” published in the British Journal of Cancer, delves into the impacts of aspirin on cancer outcomes.Â
The comprehensive study scrutinized the findings of 118 observational studies involving approximately 1 million patients with various types of cancers. The key focus was on the efficacy and safety of a daily low-dose aspirin regimen (75 or 81 mg/day) in cancer treatment. The results revealed a remarkable 20% reduction in deaths from cancer and all causes among those who incorporated aspirin into their treatment plan.Â
Aspirin’s potential in cancer treatment dates to 1968 when it was first identified as beneficial. The researchers, led by Honorary Professor Peter Elwood, highlighted aspirin’s ability to target essential biological mechanisms of cancer, mitigating the risks of metastatic cancer spread and vascular complications in cancer patients. The meta-analysis underscored the positive evidence supporting the use of low-dose aspirin in cancer treatment.
The reduction in metastatic cancer spread and the decreased incidence of complications related to blood clots were notable outcomes associated with aspirin usage. Despite aspirin being linked to an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, the study aimed to evaluate the overall risks associated with its use in cancer treatments, including gastrointestinal bleeding.
The report from the Welsh Aspirin Group asserted that bleeding attributed to aspirin was less severe than gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with stomach ulcers or infections. Importantly, there was no valid evidence indicating fatal bleeding attributable to aspirin. The researchers concluded that considering the relative safety of aspirin, it should be actively promoted as a supplemental treatment for cancer.
The earlier initiation of aspirin post-cancer diagnosis was correlated with greater benefits. Given aspirin’s affordability and widespread availability, the researchers believe its global promotion could have substantial benefits, especially in regions facing delays in specialist services for suspected cancer patients.Â
Professor Elwood emphasized the relative safety and favorable effects of aspirin, justifying its inclusion as an additional cancer treatment. He highlighted aspirin’s accessibility and cost-effectiveness, making it a viable option for implementation on a global scale. With delays in specialized services for cancer patients in mind, Professor Elwood sees aspirin as a potential game-changer in providing timely and cost-effective benefits.Â
Considering the Welsh Aspirin Group’s meta-analysis, aspirin emerges as a compelling candidate for integration into cancer treatment protocols. The study not only highlights aspirin’s efficacy in reducing cancer-related mortality but also addresses safety concerns, positioning it as a feasible and globally applicable option. As the medical community explores innovative approaches to cancer care, the humble aspirin, with its long history and widespread availability, may prove to be a valuable ally in the fight against cancer.Â
Journal Reference Â
Peter Elwood et al., Aspirin and cancer treatment: systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evidence: for and against, British Journal of Cancer (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02506-5Â
