High Blood Pressure Linked to a 42% Increased Risk of Dementia: Study

A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in September has revealed a troubling link between uncontrolled high blood pressure and a significantly higher risk of developing dementia. The findings emphasize the importance of blood pressure management in safeguarding brain health and preventing cognitive decline. 

The study, based on a comprehensive analysis of 17 studies involving 34,519 participants aged between 60 and 110 across 15 countries, including Singapore, has provided compelling evidence. It discovered that individuals with untreated hypertension are 42% more likely to develop dementia than those who effectively manage their blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication.

Notably, the study found that antihypertensive medication reduced the dementia risk for participants of all ages, highlighting the potential benefits of early intervention. Dr. Rachel Cheong, a consultant in geriatric medicine at Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, emphasized the significance of these findings, citing the wide-ranging scope of the study.

She stated, “The evidence linking uncontrolled high blood pressure and dementia risk is robust, given the extensive data analyzed. This study underscores the critical importance of managing hypertension, regardless of age.” Supporting these findings, Dr. Lim Choon Pin, a private sector cardiologist at The Heart and Vascular Centre, highlighted previous research demonstrating that treating hypertension can lower the risk of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

The study reinforces the well-established connection between hypertension and atherosclerosis, the gradual narrowing and blockage of blood vessels. Over time, hypertension can inflict damage on the small blood vessels that supply the brain, potentially impairing cognitive functions. According to the Ministry of Health guidelines, a normal blood pressure reading is defined as 130/85mmHg for individuals of all age groups.

Dr. Lim suggested maintaining blood pressure below 140/90mmHg for those below 80 years of age and 150/90mmHg for those above 80 years old. However, individuals with underlying medical conditions such as kidney diseases or heart diseases may require even stricter blood pressure control. Dr. Lim also issued a warning against relying on unsubstantiated information circulating on the internet and social media regarding acceptable blood pressure limits as individuals age.

He emphasized that these unverified recommendations lack robust scientific support and are not endorsed by major international health guidelines. Aside from the heightened risk of dementia, high blood pressure also amplifies the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart attacks. However, Dr. Lim cautioned against excessive blood pressure lowering, which can lead to reduced blood flow to vital organs.

The brain, in particular, is susceptible to low blood pressure, often resulting in symptoms such as dizziness and drowsiness. In conclusion, this recent study serves as a powerful reminder of the critical role blood pressure management plays in preserving cognitive health and preventing dementia. The research underscores the necessity of early intervention and continued monitoring for individuals with hypertension. 

Additionally, it urges the public to seek reliable medical advice and guidance on blood pressure control rather than relying on unverified sources. Proper blood pressure management not only reduces the risk of dementia but also protects against cardiovascular diseases, ensuring a healthier and more vibrant life. 

News Reference 

Cue. (2023). Uncontrolled high blood pressure raises risk of dementia by over 40%. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/uncontrolled-high-blood-pressure-raises-risk-of-dementia-by-more-than-40