The platelet is the most essential part of the blood, and it makes blood clot properly, which helps it stop blood loss after tissue injury. To that effect, they also contribute so much to thrombosis, and when their function is disturbed, for instance, by atherosclerotic plaque or rupture, perturbations in blood flow, or elevated blood velocity, they undermine the hemostatic process.
Artery, veins, or smaller vessels may get filled with abnormal thrombi, and blockage of blood flow to the vital organs, which require a supply of nutrients like glucose (fuel) and oxygen, inhibits their functions.
Platelet-triggered thrombosis is recognized as one of the most common causes of stroke, a condition known as ischemic stroke, and one of the underlying causes of heart attack (heart attack as a result of a thrombosis).
There are an enormous number of sick people who die and become disabled as a result of these diseases across the globe; hence, a considerable sum of money goes to the healthcare systems and family caregivers.
The last three decades have seen the creation of different milestones for understanding the basic mechanisms of platelet activation and function, thus enabling the current therapeutic landscape of antiplatelet drugs.
However, approved antithrombotic strategies currently act synergistically and do not selectively discriminate between hemostasis and thrombosis, inhibiting critical hemostatic functions.
A case in point is the commonly used inhibition of platelet aggregation, a.k.a. clot formation, mediated by one of platelet’s central integrins αIIbβ3, which results in life-threatening bleeding.
Hence, a better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in making platelets’ roles in thrombosis and coagulation distinguishable may allow the development of effective antithrombotic therapy, which does not increase bleeding risk.
Platelet inhibitors have proven their value in reperfusion therapy and are currently part of the state-of-the-art regimen as adjuncts to thrombolytic therapy to obtain optimal vessel recanalization/reperfusion that the efficient reestablishment of arterial flow with patient’s good outcome are closely related is not surprising at all.
Among the most astonishing clinical observations is that all currently licensed antiplatelet agents are in a “therapeutic” range. Combination therapies for stroke using one agent together with thrombolysis are here to avoid symptomatic brain hemorrhage.
Thus, more profound insights into the particular signaling pathways that make platelet-induced thrombosis and coagulation differentiable could be helpful for the creation of proficient antithrombotic therapy that does not increase bleeding risk.
Platelet inhibitors, such as antiplatelet agents, have demonstrated their benefits in reperfusion therapy and are now part of the current up-to-date regimen as adjuncts to thrombolytic therapy so that the vessel recanalization/reperfusion outcome is improved;The relationship between efficient restore of the arterial flow and patient’s good prognosis is quite shocking.
All antiplatelet agents currently licensed are inadvisable for complementary therapies for stroke patients in the context of thrombolysis since their use is the most significant risk factor for symptomatic brain hemorrhage.
A range of dietary phytochemicals react with proteins electrophilically. These phytochemicals include molecules with α,β carbonyl, isothiocyanates, and other functional groups. They promote gene regulation through transcription factors and similar machinery typical of cells.
These findings have pioneered novel investigations on the molecular chemistry of plant inspired isothiocyanates as pro-candidate anti-thrombotic leads along with the developed products.
The investigation to find out the molecular mechanisms underlying dietary preventers of thrombosis and strokes with no significant complications of bleeding will be carried out together with other studies that have revealed the use of antiplatelets like SFN to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress
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