The epidemiology of Streptococcus vestibularis is not well-established, as it is a rare cause of human infections. However, based on the web search results, some information about the possible sources, risk factors, and outcomes of Streptococcus vestibularis infections.
Sources: Streptococcus vestibularis is a typical inhabitant of the vestibules of the human oral cavity, which are the spaces between the teeth and the cheeks or lips. It may also be found in other parts of the oral cavity, such as the tongue, palate, and tonsils. Therefore, dental procedures, oral trauma, or poor oral hygiene may facilitate the entry of Streptococcus vestibularis into the bloodstream or other sites of infection. It was first isolated from the vestibular mucosa of human mouths in 1988. It has rarely been associated with human diseases.
Risk factors: Streptococcus vestibularis infections are more common in people with impaired immune systems, such as those who have cancer, rheumatic valve disease, end-stage renal disease, or sickle cell disease. These patients may have impaired host defenses, increased exposure to invasive procedures, or altered microbiota that increase the susceptibility to Streptococcus vestibularis infections. Additionally, some patients may have underlying cardiac abnormalities, such as prosthetic valves or congenital disabilities, that predispose them to endocarditis caused by Streptococcus vestibularis.
Outcomes: Streptococcus vestibularis infections can cause severe and potentially fatal complications, such as endocarditis, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, or osteomyelitis. The mortality rate of Streptococcus vestibularis infections is unknown, but it may be high in some cases, significantly if the diagnosis is delayed or the treatment is inadequate. The optimal treatment of Streptococcus vestibularis infections is also unclear. Still, it may involve prolonged courses of antibiotics, such as vancomycin, penicillin, or ceftriaxone, and sometimes surgical interventions, such as valve replacement or debridement.
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Streptococcaceae
Genus: Streptococcus
Species: S. vestibularis
The structure of Streptococcus vestibularis are:
Streptococcus vestibularis is a species of Streptococcus, which is a genus of gram-positive, spherical, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that usually form chains or pairs.
Streptococcus vestibularis belongs to the viridans group of streptococci, which are characterized by their alpha-hemolytic or non-hemolytic reactions on blood agar and their resistance to optochin.
Streptococcus vestibularis has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid, which confer rigidity, antigenicity, and adherence to the cell3.
Streptococcus vestibularis has a polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the cell wall and protects it from phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis.
Streptococcus vestibularis has various surface proteins that mediate interactions with host cells, such as adhesins, invasins, and immunomodulators.
The antigenic types of Streptococcus vestibularis need to be better studied. Still, some sources suggest that it may have different serotypes based on the Lancefield group system, which classifies streptococci according to the carbohydrate antigens on their cell walls.
According to one source, Streptococcus vestibularis belongs to Lancefield group F, while another source indicates that it belongs to Lancefield group N. However, these classifications may not reflect the true diversity and phylogeny of Streptococcus vestibularis, as the viridans streptococci group is known to be heterogeneous and complex. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the antigenic types of Streptococcus vestibularis and their clinical significance.
The pathogenesis of Streptococcus vestibularis needs to be better understood. Still, it is believed to be related to its ability to adhere to and colonize the oral mucosa, especially the vestibules of the mouth. S. vestibularis belongs to the group of streptococci called viridans, which are generally harmless commensals of the human oral cavity but can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised or debilitated patients or after dental or surgical procedures that cause transient bacteremia.
S. vestibularis has been associated with rare cases of infectious endocarditis, bacteremia, meningitis, and neonatal sepsis. Some of these infections may be due to the production of extracellular polysaccharides by S. vestibularis, which can form biofilms and protect the bacteria from host defenses and antibiotics. S. vestibularis may also have virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, and proteases that facilitate its invasion and damage of host tissues.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that belongs to the group of viridans streptococci, which are usually found in the human oral cavity. However, this bacterium can sometimes cause infections in other parts of the body, such as the blood, the heart, or the newborn. The host defenses of Streptococcus vestibularis are not well understood, but some studies have suggested that this bacterium has some surface proteins that help it adhere to the oral mucosa and evade the immune system.
For example, one study found that Streptococcus vestibularis has a protein called SvpA that binds to salivary agglutinin, a glycoprotein that coats the oral surfaces and mediates bacterial clearance. By binding to this glycoprotein, Streptococcus vestibularis may prevent its removal by saliva flow or immune cells. Another study found that Streptococcus vestibularis has a protein called SvpB that binds to fibronectin, one extracellular matrix component that is engaged in wound healing and tissue repair.
By binding to this component, Streptococcus vestibularis may promote its colonization and persistence in the oral cavity. These studies suggest that Streptococcus vestibularis has some mechanisms to resist the host defenses and establish infection in certain conditions. However, more research is needed to understand the pathogenicity and virulence of this bacterium fully.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that usually lives in the oral cavity but can sometimes cause severe infections in humans. Some of the clinical manifestations of Streptococcus vestibularis infection are:
Bacteremia: This is when the bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause fever, chills, and malaise. Bacteremia can occur after dental procedures, especially in patients with poor oral hygiene or compromised immune systems. Bacteremia can also lead to complications such as endocarditis or spondylodiscitis.
Endocarditis: This is when the bacteria infect the heart valves and cause inflammation, damage, and dysfunction. Endocarditis can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart murmurs. Endocarditis can also cause embolic events such as stroke or septic arthritis. Endocarditis is more common in older patients with prosthetic valves or structural heart diseases.
Spondylodiscitis: This is when the bacteria infect the intervertebral discs and the adjacent vertebrae and cause inflammation, pain, and deformity. Spondylodiscitis can cause symptoms such as back pain, stiffness, fever, and neurological deficits. Spondylodiscitis can also cause spinal instability and compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Meningitis: This is when the bacteria infect the membranes enveloping the spinal cord and brain and cause inflammation, headache, fever, and altered mental status. Meningitis can also cause seizures, cranial nerve palsies, and coma. A rare but potentially fatal side effect of a Streptococcus vestibularis infection is meningitis.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that generally lives in the oral cavity but can sometimes cause severe infections in humans. The diagnosis of Streptococcus vestibularis infection can be done by:
Culturing the bacteria from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other infected sites. Biochemical tests or molecular methods can identify the bacteria. The bacteria are usually susceptible to vancomycin and other antibiotics, but resistance can occur.
Completing a thorough physical examination and taking a detailed medical history in order to search for infection-related symptoms like fever, chills, malaise, pain, or edoema in any area of the body. Meningitis, spondylodiscitis, and endocarditis are among the consequences that might result from the infection, which can also affect other regions of the body, including the heart and brain.
Consult a doctor about the need for prophylactic antibiotics before undergoing any invasive dental procedures, such as tooth extraction or root canal. These procedures can create a portal of entry for the bacteria to enter the bloodstream and cause bacteremia or endocarditis.
Maintaining good oral hygiene twice a day, cleaning and flossing your teeth, and establishing a regular schedule of cleanings and exams at the dentist. Inadequate dental care may raise the danger of bacterial invasion from the mouth to the bloodstream or other sites.
To prevent Streptococcus vestibularis infection:
Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush teeth, floss, and visit the dentist regularly to prevent bacterial invasion from the mouth.
Avoid unnecessary invasive dental procedures, as they can create entry points for bacteria into the bloodstream.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience infection symptoms like fever, pain, or swelling. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Stay up to date with recommended vaccinations, including influenza and COVID-19, to protect your immune system from respiratory viruses that can increase susceptibility to bacterial infections.
Streptococcus vestibularis bacteremia following dental extraction in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: a case report | Clinical Kidney Journal | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
SciELO – Brazil – Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis
The epidemiology of Streptococcus vestibularis is not well-established, as it is a rare cause of human infections. However, based on the web search results, some information about the possible sources, risk factors, and outcomes of Streptococcus vestibularis infections.
Sources: Streptococcus vestibularis is a typical inhabitant of the vestibules of the human oral cavity, which are the spaces between the teeth and the cheeks or lips. It may also be found in other parts of the oral cavity, such as the tongue, palate, and tonsils. Therefore, dental procedures, oral trauma, or poor oral hygiene may facilitate the entry of Streptococcus vestibularis into the bloodstream or other sites of infection. It was first isolated from the vestibular mucosa of human mouths in 1988. It has rarely been associated with human diseases.
Risk factors: Streptococcus vestibularis infections are more common in people with impaired immune systems, such as those who have cancer, rheumatic valve disease, end-stage renal disease, or sickle cell disease. These patients may have impaired host defenses, increased exposure to invasive procedures, or altered microbiota that increase the susceptibility to Streptococcus vestibularis infections. Additionally, some patients may have underlying cardiac abnormalities, such as prosthetic valves or congenital disabilities, that predispose them to endocarditis caused by Streptococcus vestibularis.
Outcomes: Streptococcus vestibularis infections can cause severe and potentially fatal complications, such as endocarditis, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, or osteomyelitis. The mortality rate of Streptococcus vestibularis infections is unknown, but it may be high in some cases, significantly if the diagnosis is delayed or the treatment is inadequate. The optimal treatment of Streptococcus vestibularis infections is also unclear. Still, it may involve prolonged courses of antibiotics, such as vancomycin, penicillin, or ceftriaxone, and sometimes surgical interventions, such as valve replacement or debridement.
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Streptococcaceae
Genus: Streptococcus
Species: S. vestibularis
The structure of Streptococcus vestibularis are:
Streptococcus vestibularis is a species of Streptococcus, which is a genus of gram-positive, spherical, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that usually form chains or pairs.
Streptococcus vestibularis belongs to the viridans group of streptococci, which are characterized by their alpha-hemolytic or non-hemolytic reactions on blood agar and their resistance to optochin.
Streptococcus vestibularis has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid, which confer rigidity, antigenicity, and adherence to the cell3.
Streptococcus vestibularis has a polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the cell wall and protects it from phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis.
Streptococcus vestibularis has various surface proteins that mediate interactions with host cells, such as adhesins, invasins, and immunomodulators.
The antigenic types of Streptococcus vestibularis need to be better studied. Still, some sources suggest that it may have different serotypes based on the Lancefield group system, which classifies streptococci according to the carbohydrate antigens on their cell walls.
According to one source, Streptococcus vestibularis belongs to Lancefield group F, while another source indicates that it belongs to Lancefield group N. However, these classifications may not reflect the true diversity and phylogeny of Streptococcus vestibularis, as the viridans streptococci group is known to be heterogeneous and complex. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the antigenic types of Streptococcus vestibularis and their clinical significance.
The pathogenesis of Streptococcus vestibularis needs to be better understood. Still, it is believed to be related to its ability to adhere to and colonize the oral mucosa, especially the vestibules of the mouth. S. vestibularis belongs to the group of streptococci called viridans, which are generally harmless commensals of the human oral cavity but can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised or debilitated patients or after dental or surgical procedures that cause transient bacteremia.
S. vestibularis has been associated with rare cases of infectious endocarditis, bacteremia, meningitis, and neonatal sepsis. Some of these infections may be due to the production of extracellular polysaccharides by S. vestibularis, which can form biofilms and protect the bacteria from host defenses and antibiotics. S. vestibularis may also have virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, and proteases that facilitate its invasion and damage of host tissues.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that belongs to the group of viridans streptococci, which are usually found in the human oral cavity. However, this bacterium can sometimes cause infections in other parts of the body, such as the blood, the heart, or the newborn. The host defenses of Streptococcus vestibularis are not well understood, but some studies have suggested that this bacterium has some surface proteins that help it adhere to the oral mucosa and evade the immune system.
For example, one study found that Streptococcus vestibularis has a protein called SvpA that binds to salivary agglutinin, a glycoprotein that coats the oral surfaces and mediates bacterial clearance. By binding to this glycoprotein, Streptococcus vestibularis may prevent its removal by saliva flow or immune cells. Another study found that Streptococcus vestibularis has a protein called SvpB that binds to fibronectin, one extracellular matrix component that is engaged in wound healing and tissue repair.
By binding to this component, Streptococcus vestibularis may promote its colonization and persistence in the oral cavity. These studies suggest that Streptococcus vestibularis has some mechanisms to resist the host defenses and establish infection in certain conditions. However, more research is needed to understand the pathogenicity and virulence of this bacterium fully.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that usually lives in the oral cavity but can sometimes cause severe infections in humans. Some of the clinical manifestations of Streptococcus vestibularis infection are:
Bacteremia: This is when the bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause fever, chills, and malaise. Bacteremia can occur after dental procedures, especially in patients with poor oral hygiene or compromised immune systems. Bacteremia can also lead to complications such as endocarditis or spondylodiscitis.
Endocarditis: This is when the bacteria infect the heart valves and cause inflammation, damage, and dysfunction. Endocarditis can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart murmurs. Endocarditis can also cause embolic events such as stroke or septic arthritis. Endocarditis is more common in older patients with prosthetic valves or structural heart diseases.
Spondylodiscitis: This is when the bacteria infect the intervertebral discs and the adjacent vertebrae and cause inflammation, pain, and deformity. Spondylodiscitis can cause symptoms such as back pain, stiffness, fever, and neurological deficits. Spondylodiscitis can also cause spinal instability and compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Meningitis: This is when the bacteria infect the membranes enveloping the spinal cord and brain and cause inflammation, headache, fever, and altered mental status. Meningitis can also cause seizures, cranial nerve palsies, and coma. A rare but potentially fatal side effect of a Streptococcus vestibularis infection is meningitis.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that generally lives in the oral cavity but can sometimes cause severe infections in humans. The diagnosis of Streptococcus vestibularis infection can be done by:
Culturing the bacteria from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other infected sites. Biochemical tests or molecular methods can identify the bacteria. The bacteria are usually susceptible to vancomycin and other antibiotics, but resistance can occur.
Completing a thorough physical examination and taking a detailed medical history in order to search for infection-related symptoms like fever, chills, malaise, pain, or edoema in any area of the body. Meningitis, spondylodiscitis, and endocarditis are among the consequences that might result from the infection, which can also affect other regions of the body, including the heart and brain.
Consult a doctor about the need for prophylactic antibiotics before undergoing any invasive dental procedures, such as tooth extraction or root canal. These procedures can create a portal of entry for the bacteria to enter the bloodstream and cause bacteremia or endocarditis.
Maintaining good oral hygiene twice a day, cleaning and flossing your teeth, and establishing a regular schedule of cleanings and exams at the dentist. Inadequate dental care may raise the danger of bacterial invasion from the mouth to the bloodstream or other sites.
To prevent Streptococcus vestibularis infection:
Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush teeth, floss, and visit the dentist regularly to prevent bacterial invasion from the mouth.
Avoid unnecessary invasive dental procedures, as they can create entry points for bacteria into the bloodstream.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience infection symptoms like fever, pain, or swelling. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Stay up to date with recommended vaccinations, including influenza and COVID-19, to protect your immune system from respiratory viruses that can increase susceptibility to bacterial infections.
Streptococcus vestibularis bacteremia following dental extraction in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: a case report | Clinical Kidney Journal | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
SciELO – Brazil – Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis
The epidemiology of Streptococcus vestibularis is not well-established, as it is a rare cause of human infections. However, based on the web search results, some information about the possible sources, risk factors, and outcomes of Streptococcus vestibularis infections.
Sources: Streptococcus vestibularis is a typical inhabitant of the vestibules of the human oral cavity, which are the spaces between the teeth and the cheeks or lips. It may also be found in other parts of the oral cavity, such as the tongue, palate, and tonsils. Therefore, dental procedures, oral trauma, or poor oral hygiene may facilitate the entry of Streptococcus vestibularis into the bloodstream or other sites of infection. It was first isolated from the vestibular mucosa of human mouths in 1988. It has rarely been associated with human diseases.
Risk factors: Streptococcus vestibularis infections are more common in people with impaired immune systems, such as those who have cancer, rheumatic valve disease, end-stage renal disease, or sickle cell disease. These patients may have impaired host defenses, increased exposure to invasive procedures, or altered microbiota that increase the susceptibility to Streptococcus vestibularis infections. Additionally, some patients may have underlying cardiac abnormalities, such as prosthetic valves or congenital disabilities, that predispose them to endocarditis caused by Streptococcus vestibularis.
Outcomes: Streptococcus vestibularis infections can cause severe and potentially fatal complications, such as endocarditis, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, or osteomyelitis. The mortality rate of Streptococcus vestibularis infections is unknown, but it may be high in some cases, significantly if the diagnosis is delayed or the treatment is inadequate. The optimal treatment of Streptococcus vestibularis infections is also unclear. Still, it may involve prolonged courses of antibiotics, such as vancomycin, penicillin, or ceftriaxone, and sometimes surgical interventions, such as valve replacement or debridement.
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Streptococcaceae
Genus: Streptococcus
Species: S. vestibularis
The structure of Streptococcus vestibularis are:
Streptococcus vestibularis is a species of Streptococcus, which is a genus of gram-positive, spherical, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that usually form chains or pairs.
Streptococcus vestibularis belongs to the viridans group of streptococci, which are characterized by their alpha-hemolytic or non-hemolytic reactions on blood agar and their resistance to optochin.
Streptococcus vestibularis has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid, which confer rigidity, antigenicity, and adherence to the cell3.
Streptococcus vestibularis has a polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the cell wall and protects it from phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis.
Streptococcus vestibularis has various surface proteins that mediate interactions with host cells, such as adhesins, invasins, and immunomodulators.
The antigenic types of Streptococcus vestibularis need to be better studied. Still, some sources suggest that it may have different serotypes based on the Lancefield group system, which classifies streptococci according to the carbohydrate antigens on their cell walls.
According to one source, Streptococcus vestibularis belongs to Lancefield group F, while another source indicates that it belongs to Lancefield group N. However, these classifications may not reflect the true diversity and phylogeny of Streptococcus vestibularis, as the viridans streptococci group is known to be heterogeneous and complex. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the antigenic types of Streptococcus vestibularis and their clinical significance.
The pathogenesis of Streptococcus vestibularis needs to be better understood. Still, it is believed to be related to its ability to adhere to and colonize the oral mucosa, especially the vestibules of the mouth. S. vestibularis belongs to the group of streptococci called viridans, which are generally harmless commensals of the human oral cavity but can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised or debilitated patients or after dental or surgical procedures that cause transient bacteremia.
S. vestibularis has been associated with rare cases of infectious endocarditis, bacteremia, meningitis, and neonatal sepsis. Some of these infections may be due to the production of extracellular polysaccharides by S. vestibularis, which can form biofilms and protect the bacteria from host defenses and antibiotics. S. vestibularis may also have virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, and proteases that facilitate its invasion and damage of host tissues.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that belongs to the group of viridans streptococci, which are usually found in the human oral cavity. However, this bacterium can sometimes cause infections in other parts of the body, such as the blood, the heart, or the newborn. The host defenses of Streptococcus vestibularis are not well understood, but some studies have suggested that this bacterium has some surface proteins that help it adhere to the oral mucosa and evade the immune system.
For example, one study found that Streptococcus vestibularis has a protein called SvpA that binds to salivary agglutinin, a glycoprotein that coats the oral surfaces and mediates bacterial clearance. By binding to this glycoprotein, Streptococcus vestibularis may prevent its removal by saliva flow or immune cells. Another study found that Streptococcus vestibularis has a protein called SvpB that binds to fibronectin, one extracellular matrix component that is engaged in wound healing and tissue repair.
By binding to this component, Streptococcus vestibularis may promote its colonization and persistence in the oral cavity. These studies suggest that Streptococcus vestibularis has some mechanisms to resist the host defenses and establish infection in certain conditions. However, more research is needed to understand the pathogenicity and virulence of this bacterium fully.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that usually lives in the oral cavity but can sometimes cause severe infections in humans. Some of the clinical manifestations of Streptococcus vestibularis infection are:
Bacteremia: This is when the bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause fever, chills, and malaise. Bacteremia can occur after dental procedures, especially in patients with poor oral hygiene or compromised immune systems. Bacteremia can also lead to complications such as endocarditis or spondylodiscitis.
Endocarditis: This is when the bacteria infect the heart valves and cause inflammation, damage, and dysfunction. Endocarditis can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart murmurs. Endocarditis can also cause embolic events such as stroke or septic arthritis. Endocarditis is more common in older patients with prosthetic valves or structural heart diseases.
Spondylodiscitis: This is when the bacteria infect the intervertebral discs and the adjacent vertebrae and cause inflammation, pain, and deformity. Spondylodiscitis can cause symptoms such as back pain, stiffness, fever, and neurological deficits. Spondylodiscitis can also cause spinal instability and compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Meningitis: This is when the bacteria infect the membranes enveloping the spinal cord and brain and cause inflammation, headache, fever, and altered mental status. Meningitis can also cause seizures, cranial nerve palsies, and coma. A rare but potentially fatal side effect of a Streptococcus vestibularis infection is meningitis.
Streptococcus vestibularis is a type of bacteria that generally lives in the oral cavity but can sometimes cause severe infections in humans. The diagnosis of Streptococcus vestibularis infection can be done by:
Culturing the bacteria from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other infected sites. Biochemical tests or molecular methods can identify the bacteria. The bacteria are usually susceptible to vancomycin and other antibiotics, but resistance can occur.
Completing a thorough physical examination and taking a detailed medical history in order to search for infection-related symptoms like fever, chills, malaise, pain, or edoema in any area of the body. Meningitis, spondylodiscitis, and endocarditis are among the consequences that might result from the infection, which can also affect other regions of the body, including the heart and brain.
Consult a doctor about the need for prophylactic antibiotics before undergoing any invasive dental procedures, such as tooth extraction or root canal. These procedures can create a portal of entry for the bacteria to enter the bloodstream and cause bacteremia or endocarditis.
Maintaining good oral hygiene twice a day, cleaning and flossing your teeth, and establishing a regular schedule of cleanings and exams at the dentist. Inadequate dental care may raise the danger of bacterial invasion from the mouth to the bloodstream or other sites.
To prevent Streptococcus vestibularis infection:
Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush teeth, floss, and visit the dentist regularly to prevent bacterial invasion from the mouth.
Avoid unnecessary invasive dental procedures, as they can create entry points for bacteria into the bloodstream.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience infection symptoms like fever, pain, or swelling. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Stay up to date with recommended vaccinations, including influenza and COVID-19, to protect your immune system from respiratory viruses that can increase susceptibility to bacterial infections.
Streptococcus vestibularis bacteremia following dental extraction in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: a case report | Clinical Kidney Journal | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
SciELO – Brazil – Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis Spondylodiscitis and endocarditis caused by S. vestibularis
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