Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
Free CME credits
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
5 mg/1.5 mg orally every 4-6 hours 
indicated for Cough (Off-label) The dosage is 7.5-30 mg orally every 4-6 hours as needed
5 to 10 ml orally every4-6 times a day; should not exceed more than 40mL daily
codeine, chlorpheniramine and phenylephrineÂ
and congestion:
5 to 10 mL orally every 4-6 times a day, up to 40 mL daily
15 to 30 mg of codeine/dose taken orally every 4 to 6 hours and the maximum daily dose is 360 mg of codeine or 4 g of acetaminophen
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment: Use cautiously
Hepatic impairment: chronic use should be avoided
Dosing Consideration
Assess need for naloxone upon initiating and renewing treatment
Availability of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose
Indicated for Cough
5 ml of (6.3mg of codeine/100mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally four-six times a day. It should not exceed 90 ml in a day
5 ml-7.5 ml of (7.5 mg of codeine/225 mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally six times a day. It should not exceed 45 ml in a day
10 ml of (8 mg-10 mg of codeine/100 mg-200 mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally six times a day. It should not exceed 60 ml in a day
5 ml of (10 mg of codeine/300 mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally six times a day. It should not exceed 40 ml in a day
5 ml of (20 mg of codeine/200mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally four-six times a day. It should not exceed 30 ml in a day
It is used for temporary relief from cough which is caused by throat irritation and bronchial irritation
chlophedianol and dexbrompheniramineÂ
Oral: 25 mg of chlophedianol/2 mg of dexbrompheniramine (10 mL) every 4 times a day (Maximum: 100 mg of chlophedianol/8 mg of dexbrompheniramine (40 mL) per day)
Dose Adjustments
Dosing modifications
Renal impairment
Dose adjustment is not necessary
Hepatic impairment
Dose adjustment is not necessary
Administer 25mg orally three to four times a day
Dose Adjustments
A thick layer of 4.7-5.3% is applied as an ointment on the throat & chest
1 to 2 grams of extract to be taken orally every day or 1.5 grams root to be taken orally every day
amylmetacresol/dextromethorphan hydrobromideÂ
Put 1 lozenge in the mouth and sucked slowly every 4 hours
Not more than 12 lozenges in a day
Sustained release formulation: Take 600-1200 mg as an oral dose twice daily with maximum daily dose of 2.4 grams/day
Immediate release formulation: Take 200-400 mg as an oral dose six times daily, with a maximum daily dose of 2.4 grams/day
Take a dose of 40 to 80 mg with a maximum of five doses in a day
Take an oral dose of 5 to 10 ml in each 12 hours
In acute cases: Take a dose of 300 mg orally 3 to 4 times in a day
In chronic cases: Take a dose of 300 mg orally two times in a day
50 mg orally thrice a day
60 mg orally taken thrice a day for not more than a week
Dose Adjustments
Dosage modifications
Hepatic impairment: Contraindicated in Severe cases
normethadone/hydroxyephedrineÂ
Take around 15 drops orally two time a day
Dose should not be more than 30 drops in a day
ambroxol/cetirizine/phenylephrine/ guaiphenesin/mentholÂ
Shake the bottle well before use and take a dose as per physician advised
Take a dose of 10 to 20 ml orally for three times in a day
dextropropoxyphene/dexchlorpheniramine maleate/bromhexineÂ
Shake the bottle well before use and take a dose as per physician advised
triprolidine/dextromethorphan  Â
Shake the bottle well before use and take oral dose as per physicians advised
opium tincture, squill oxymelÂ
Take 5 ml of syrup 4 times a day
Indicated as a cough suppressant:
Administer 10ml every 3 to 4 hours.
Do not exceed 6 doses in a day.
Take a dose of 15 ml orally up to four times in a day
camphor/eucalyptus oil/mentholÂ
Apply a thick layer topically over the throat and chest 3 times daily
codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazineÂ
5 mL orally every 4 to 6 hours, should not exceed more than 30 mL/24 hours
With tea
Take 1 cup several times in a day
Steep dose of 1.5 to 3 g of the dried plant in 150 ml boiling water up to 5-10 minutes
ammonium chloride/diphenhydramine hydrochloride/levomentholÂ
Indicated for Symptomatic relief of chesty cough
Consume between 5ml and 10ml every 4 hours
At bedtime, start with 10ml for improved sleep quality, then take 10ml every 6 hours afterward Important: do not exceed four doses within 24 hours
Please, note that two 5ml Spoonfuls equal one dose
The recommended oral doses are 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg, to be taken every 8 hours
The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 600 mg
1-2 spoons tea of lemongrass/6 oz of water
5 mg/1.5 mg orally every 4-6 hours 
off-label:
Age(≥ 12 years)- The dosage is 7.5-30 mg taken orally every 4-6 hours as needed
Adjust the dose gradually based on the level of pain relief experienced
It is important to administer the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible
Below 6 yrs: Not usually recommended
6 to 12 yrs: 2.5 to 5 mL orally every4-6 times a day; should not exceed more than 20mL in a day
Above 12 years: 5 to 10 ml orally every4-6 times a day; should not exceed more than 40mL in a day
codeine, chlorpheniramine and phenylephrineÂ
Below 2 yrs: Not usually recommended
2 to 6 yrs: 1.25 to 2.5 mL orally every 4-6 times a day, when necessary, up to 10 mL daily
6 to 12 yrs: 2.5 to 5 mL orally every 4-6 times a day, up to 20 mL daily
Above 12 yrs: 5 to 10 mL orally every 4-6 times a day, up to 40 mL daily
Indicated for Cough
Age >12 years
5 ml of (6.3mg of codeine/100mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally four-six times a day. It should not exceed 90 ml in a day
5 ml-7.5 ml of (7.5 mg of codeine/225 mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally six times a day. It should not exceed 45 ml in a day
10 ml of (8 mg-10 mg of codeine/100 mg-200 mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally six times a day. It should not exceed 60 ml in a day
5 ml of (10 mg of codeine/300 mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally six times a day. It should not exceed 40 ml in a day
5 ml of (20 mg of codeine/200mg of guaifenesin)/5mL orally four-six times a day. It should not exceed 30 ml in a day
It is used for temporary relief from cough which is caused by throat irritation and bronchial irritation
Age <12 years
Safety and efficacy not established
chlophedianol and dexbrompheniramineÂ
Children 6 to below 12 yrs: 5 mL orally every 4 times a day as required. Maximum daily dosage of 20 mL per day
Children above 12 yrs and Adolescents: 10 mL orally every 4 times a day as required. Maximum daily dosage of 40 mL per day
Dose Adjustments
Dosing modifications
Renal impairment
Dose adjustment is not necessary
Hepatic impairment
Dose adjustment is not necessary
amylmetacresol/dextromethorphan hydrobromideÂ
for 6 to 12 years old:
Put 1 lozenge in the mouth and sucked slowly every 4 hours
Not more than 6 lozenges in a day
for >12 years old:
Put 1 lozenge in the mouth and sucked slowly every 4 hours
Not more than 12 lozenges in a day
Sustained release formulation: Age 2-5 years: Take 300 mg as an oral dose twice daily with maximum dose of 600 mg/day
Age 6-11 years: Take 600 mg as an oral dose twice daily with maximum dose of 1.2 grams/day
Age 12 years/older: Take 600 mg-1200 mg as an oral dose twice daily with maximum dose of 2.4 grams/day
Immediate release formulation: Age less than 2 years: Administer orally in 6 equally doses divided throughout the day at a rate of 12 mg/kg/day
Age 2-5 years: Take 50 mg-100 mg as an oral dose six times daily as required with a maximum dose of 600 mg/day
Age 6-11 years: Take 100-200 mg as an oral dose six times daily with a maximum dose of 1.2 grams/day
Age 12 years/older: Take 200 mg-400 mg as an oral dose six times daily with a maximum dose of 2.4 grams/day
Indicated for cough suppressants
The recommended dose is 1.8 to 5.5 mg orally every day
for 2 to 5 years old:
Take an oral dose of 1.25 to 2.5 ml in each 12 hours
for 6 to 11 years old:
Take an oral dose of 2.5to 5 ml in each 12 hours
for >12 years old:
Take an oral dose of 5 to 10 ml in each 12 hours
Above 5 years: 25 mg orally thrice a day
Above 2 years: 1 mg/kg thrice a day;
Above 12 years: 60 mg orally taken thrice a day for Not more than a week
Dose Adjustments
Dosage modifications
Hepatic impairment: Contraindicated in Severe cases
normethadone/hydroxyephedrineÂ
For adolescents >14 years old:
Take a dose of 15 drops two times a day
For children between 6 and 14 years old:
Take dose of 5 to 10 drops twice a day
For <6 years old:
Take a dose of 5 to 10 ml orally for three times in a day
For 6 to 12 years old:
Take a dose of 10 ml orally for three times in a day
triprolidine/dextromethorphan  Â
For 13 to 18 years old:
Shake the bottle well before use and take oral dose as per physicians advised
Off-label
1-2 suppositories, administered rectally for children under 6 years
2 suppositories administered rectally for children above 6 years
Indications: indicated in the treatment of inflammations of airways in infants in acute diseases
camphor/eucalyptus oil/mentholÂ
Age: >2 years
Apply a thick layer topically over the throat and chest thrice daily
codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazineÂ
Below 12 years: Not recommended
12 years: 2.5-5 mL orally every 4 to 6 hours; should not exceed more than 30 mL/24 hours
Above 12 years: 5 mL orally every 4 to 6hours, should not exceed more than 30 mL/24 hours
codeine, phenylephrine, and promethazineÂ
Below 12 years: Not recommended
12 years: 2.5-5 mL orally every 4 to 6 hours; should not exceed more than 30 mL/24 hours
Above 12 years: 5 mL orally every 4 to 6hours, should not exceed more than 30 mL/24 hours
>10 years Take 100 mg, 150 mg, or 200 mg orally every 8 hours
The maximum daily dose should not exceed 600 mg
Remember to swallow the medication whole and avoid chewing it
Future Trends
References
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
On course completion, you will receive a full-sized presentation quality digital certificate.
A dynamic medical simulation platform designed to train healthcare professionals and students to effectively run code situations through an immersive hands-on experience in a live, interactive 3D environment.
When you have your licenses, certificates and CMEs in one place, it's easier to track your career growth. You can easily share these with hospitals as well, using your medtigo app.
