Licorice poisoning arises from excessive glycyrrhizin intake of licorice root consumption.
Natural licorice is derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra shrub found in subtropical regions of Europe and Asia.
Licorice extracts and glycyrrhizin are widely used in foods, tobacco, and herbal medicine.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice is licorice root sold as a supplement without glycyrrhizin. Emergency treatment for licorice poisoning involves supportive care and monitoring.
Licorice flavour appears in various candies, soft drinks, and herbal teas to add sweet aftertaste in products.
Licorice extract is added to cigarette tobacco to enhance flavor, improve moisture retention, and serve as a surface-active agent.
Glycyrrhizin in licorice blocks enzyme that converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone.
It inhibits an enzyme to increase cortisol levels and produces effects like excess aldosterone on balance.
Epidemiology
Licorice poisoning cases are rare but have increased with the popularity of herbal supplements.
Most cases arise from excessive long-term consumption of licorice products well beyond typical dietary amounts.
Licorice is consumed in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia in foods and medicines. Licorice poisoning is more frequent in older adults due to cumulative exposure and sensitivity.
As per study, men may be slightly more at risk due to dietary habit differences.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Natural licorice has mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid properties, but most U.S.
Licorice-flavored foods lacks glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) and responsible to not cause hyper mineralocorticoid syndromes.
High GZA doses in licorice extract may cause hypokalemia and hyper mineralocorticoidism-induced hypertension.
Glycyrrhizinates inhibit 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to affect cortisol inactivation. Licorice may reduce testosterone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Etiology
The causes of licorice poisoning are:
Dietary sources
Herbal supplements
High licorice consumption
Concurrent health conditions
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Discontinuing licorice exposure usually leads to full recovery of hypertension and hypokalemia within weeks.
Muscle weakness resolves with potassium replacement and Renin-aldosterone system may activate after months.
Severe complications from licorice ingestion arises after consuming significant amounts over a short period.
Complications include rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, cardiac arrest, death.
Clinical History
Collect details including presenting symptoms, consumption, and medical history to understand clinical history of patient.
Procedural interventions for licorice poisoning are generally reserved with intravenous potassium repletion, central venous catheterization along with hemodialysis for severe fluid overload cases.
use-of-phases-in-managing-licorice-poisoning
In the initial treatment phase, the goal is to control electrolyte and blood pressure imbalances and stabilize the patient’s vital signs.
Pharmacologic therapy is effective in the treatment phase as it includes use of diuretics.
In supportive care and management phase, patients should receive required attention such as lifestyle modification and intervention therapies.
The regular follow-up visits with the physician are scheduled to check the improvement of patients along with treatment response.
Licorice poisoning arises from excessive glycyrrhizin intake of licorice root consumption.
Natural licorice is derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra shrub found in subtropical regions of Europe and Asia.
Licorice extracts and glycyrrhizin are widely used in foods, tobacco, and herbal medicine.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice is licorice root sold as a supplement without glycyrrhizin. Emergency treatment for licorice poisoning involves supportive care and monitoring.
Licorice flavour appears in various candies, soft drinks, and herbal teas to add sweet aftertaste in products.
Licorice extract is added to cigarette tobacco to enhance flavor, improve moisture retention, and serve as a surface-active agent.
Glycyrrhizin in licorice blocks enzyme that converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone.
It inhibits an enzyme to increase cortisol levels and produces effects like excess aldosterone on balance.
Licorice poisoning cases are rare but have increased with the popularity of herbal supplements.
Most cases arise from excessive long-term consumption of licorice products well beyond typical dietary amounts.
Licorice is consumed in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia in foods and medicines. Licorice poisoning is more frequent in older adults due to cumulative exposure and sensitivity.
As per study, men may be slightly more at risk due to dietary habit differences.
Natural licorice has mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid properties, but most U.S.
Licorice-flavored foods lacks glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) and responsible to not cause hyper mineralocorticoid syndromes.
High GZA doses in licorice extract may cause hypokalemia and hyper mineralocorticoidism-induced hypertension.
Glycyrrhizinates inhibit 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to affect cortisol inactivation. Licorice may reduce testosterone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome.
The causes of licorice poisoning are:
Dietary sources
Herbal supplements
High licorice consumption
Concurrent health conditions
Discontinuing licorice exposure usually leads to full recovery of hypertension and hypokalemia within weeks.
Muscle weakness resolves with potassium replacement and Renin-aldosterone system may activate after months.
Severe complications from licorice ingestion arises after consuming significant amounts over a short period.
Complications include rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, cardiac arrest, death.
Collect details including presenting symptoms, consumption, and medical history to understand clinical history of patient.
Headache, dizziness, palpitations, chest discomfort, swelling in the legs, hands, or face
Heart Failure
Encephalitis
Hypernatremia
Myopathies
Rhabdomyolysis
Prehospital care includes supportive treatment for airway, breathing, circulation. Toxicity arises from chronic overconsumption.
Consultations with specialists and regular assessments for hypertension, hypokalemia, and potassium supplement needs may enhance outpatient care.
Regular blood tests for potassium, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate to monitor health risks.
Monitor ECG continuously or periodically for significant hypokalemia to prevent cardiac events.
Use potassium supplements through oral or intravenous route to treat hypokalemia.
Antihypertensive medications are used to control blood pressure when potassium levels are normal.
Spironolactone is preferred for hypertension as it counters glycyrrhizin’s mineralocorticoid-like effects.
Emergency Medicine
Foods and supplements should be avoided with licorice root.
Patients should avoid self-prescribing licorice-containing herbal supplements.
Patients should eliminate licorice products from their homes. Patients those at high risk should regularly check blood pressure.
Proper awareness about licorice poisoning should be provided and its related causes with management strategies.
Appointments with a physician and preventing recurrence of disorder is an ongoing life-long effort.
Emergency Medicine
Spironolactone:
It increases water and sodium chloride excretion to retain potassium and hydrogen ions.
Triamterene:
It increases sodium excretion to reduce the excessive loss of potassium and hydrogen.
Emergency Medicine
Specialty: Emergency Medicine
Procedural interventions for licorice poisoning are generally reserved with intravenous potassium repletion, central venous catheterization along with hemodialysis for severe fluid overload cases.
Emergency Medicine
In the initial treatment phase, the goal is to control electrolyte and blood pressure imbalances and stabilize the patient’s vital signs.
Pharmacologic therapy is effective in the treatment phase as it includes use of diuretics.
In supportive care and management phase, patients should receive required attention such as lifestyle modification and intervention therapies.
The regular follow-up visits with the physician are scheduled to check the improvement of patients along with treatment response.
Licorice poisoning arises from excessive glycyrrhizin intake of licorice root consumption.
Natural licorice is derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra shrub found in subtropical regions of Europe and Asia.
Licorice extracts and glycyrrhizin are widely used in foods, tobacco, and herbal medicine.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice is licorice root sold as a supplement without glycyrrhizin. Emergency treatment for licorice poisoning involves supportive care and monitoring.
Licorice flavour appears in various candies, soft drinks, and herbal teas to add sweet aftertaste in products.
Licorice extract is added to cigarette tobacco to enhance flavor, improve moisture retention, and serve as a surface-active agent.
Glycyrrhizin in licorice blocks enzyme that converts active cortisol to inactive cortisone.
It inhibits an enzyme to increase cortisol levels and produces effects like excess aldosterone on balance.
Licorice poisoning cases are rare but have increased with the popularity of herbal supplements.
Most cases arise from excessive long-term consumption of licorice products well beyond typical dietary amounts.
Licorice is consumed in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia in foods and medicines. Licorice poisoning is more frequent in older adults due to cumulative exposure and sensitivity.
As per study, men may be slightly more at risk due to dietary habit differences.
Natural licorice has mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid properties, but most U.S.
Licorice-flavored foods lacks glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) and responsible to not cause hyper mineralocorticoid syndromes.
High GZA doses in licorice extract may cause hypokalemia and hyper mineralocorticoidism-induced hypertension.
Glycyrrhizinates inhibit 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to affect cortisol inactivation. Licorice may reduce testosterone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome.
The causes of licorice poisoning are:
Dietary sources
Herbal supplements
High licorice consumption
Concurrent health conditions
Discontinuing licorice exposure usually leads to full recovery of hypertension and hypokalemia within weeks.
Muscle weakness resolves with potassium replacement and Renin-aldosterone system may activate after months.
Severe complications from licorice ingestion arises after consuming significant amounts over a short period.
Complications include rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, cardiac arrest, death.
Collect details including presenting symptoms, consumption, and medical history to understand clinical history of patient.
Headache, dizziness, palpitations, chest discomfort, swelling in the legs, hands, or face
Heart Failure
Encephalitis
Hypernatremia
Myopathies
Rhabdomyolysis
Prehospital care includes supportive treatment for airway, breathing, circulation. Toxicity arises from chronic overconsumption.
Consultations with specialists and regular assessments for hypertension, hypokalemia, and potassium supplement needs may enhance outpatient care.
Regular blood tests for potassium, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate to monitor health risks.
Monitor ECG continuously or periodically for significant hypokalemia to prevent cardiac events.
Use potassium supplements through oral or intravenous route to treat hypokalemia.
Antihypertensive medications are used to control blood pressure when potassium levels are normal.
Spironolactone is preferred for hypertension as it counters glycyrrhizin’s mineralocorticoid-like effects.
Emergency Medicine
Foods and supplements should be avoided with licorice root.
Patients should avoid self-prescribing licorice-containing herbal supplements.
Patients should eliminate licorice products from their homes. Patients those at high risk should regularly check blood pressure.
Proper awareness about licorice poisoning should be provided and its related causes with management strategies.
Appointments with a physician and preventing recurrence of disorder is an ongoing life-long effort.
Emergency Medicine
Spironolactone:
It increases water and sodium chloride excretion to retain potassium and hydrogen ions.
Triamterene:
It increases sodium excretion to reduce the excessive loss of potassium and hydrogen.
Emergency Medicine
Specialty: Emergency Medicine
Procedural interventions for licorice poisoning are generally reserved with intravenous potassium repletion, central venous catheterization along with hemodialysis for severe fluid overload cases.
Emergency Medicine
In the initial treatment phase, the goal is to control electrolyte and blood pressure imbalances and stabilize the patient’s vital signs.
Pharmacologic therapy is effective in the treatment phase as it includes use of diuretics.
In supportive care and management phase, patients should receive required attention such as lifestyle modification and intervention therapies.
The regular follow-up visits with the physician are scheduled to check the improvement of patients along with treatment response.
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