Oligodendroglioma (OG) is a form of diffusely infiltrating glioma that accounts for about 5% of primary intracranial tumours. They frequently affect the cortical grey matter and are particularly prevalent in the frontal lobes. Historically, the tumor’s histological appearance determined the diagnosis of OG.
In 2016, the classification criteria for CNS malignancies was modified to include phenotypic and genotypic investigations. In general, OGs are low-grade neoplasms with a positive treatment response compared to other gliomas.
Their growth is comparatively slow. Grade III anaplastic OG is a malignant type of the tumour that portends a poorer prognosis and may arise de novo or as a degeneration of a lower grade OG.
Epidemiology
Following glioblastoma and diffuse astrocytoma, OGs are the third most frequent primary brain tumour, with a frequency of 0.2 per 100,000 people. OGs account for roughly 5% of primary CNS tumours.
One study found a male-to-female ratio as low as 0.92, indicating a minor male predominance ranging from 1.1 to 2 males for every female. OGs have a modest bimodal distribution, but are primarily adult neoplasms with an incidence peak in the 30s and 40s and a smaller incidence peak in children aged 6 to 12 years.
Oligendrogliomas display have different molecular markers in children and in adults, so researchers are unsure if both of these are from the same neoplasm.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
OGs are located largely in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere (80 to 90 percent supratentorial), most frequently in the frontal lobes, however involvement of the temporal and parietal lobes is not uncommon.
The tumour is predominantly located in the cortical-subcortical region, with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding white matter. OG has also been identified as intraventricular or subependymal, albeit this is uncommon.
Etiology
In 1929, oligodendroglioma was named the same because when Bailey and Bucy viewed these cells under the microscope, and observed their close resemblance to oligodendrocytes. However, evidence suggesting they originate from adult oligodendrocytes is inconclusive.
Tumors appear to originate from neuroprogenitor cells with glial precursors that differentiate into oligodendroglial-type cells lacking the myelinating capacity of oligodendrocytes. The shared driver isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation between diverse diffuse glioma subtypes further supports this notion.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Low-grade Oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q deletion and IDHmt present a better prognosis than astrocytomas lacking these genetic markers. The median survival duration for OGs is 10 to 12 years. Tumors can be progression-free for 51%-83% of patients for 5 years.
Younger patients, which don’t have additional comorbidities, and had most of the tumor removed during surgery fare better. With higher-grade anaplastic OG, overall and 5-year survival rates decrease, with a median survival time of 3.5 years for WHO Grade III tumours.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559184/
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Oligodendroglioma (OG) is a form of diffusely infiltrating glioma that accounts for about 5% of primary intracranial tumours. They frequently affect the cortical grey matter and are particularly prevalent in the frontal lobes. Historically, the tumor’s histological appearance determined the diagnosis of OG.
In 2016, the classification criteria for CNS malignancies was modified to include phenotypic and genotypic investigations. In general, OGs are low-grade neoplasms with a positive treatment response compared to other gliomas.
Their growth is comparatively slow. Grade III anaplastic OG is a malignant type of the tumour that portends a poorer prognosis and may arise de novo or as a degeneration of a lower grade OG.
Following glioblastoma and diffuse astrocytoma, OGs are the third most frequent primary brain tumour, with a frequency of 0.2 per 100,000 people. OGs account for roughly 5% of primary CNS tumours.
One study found a male-to-female ratio as low as 0.92, indicating a minor male predominance ranging from 1.1 to 2 males for every female. OGs have a modest bimodal distribution, but are primarily adult neoplasms with an incidence peak in the 30s and 40s and a smaller incidence peak in children aged 6 to 12 years.
Oligendrogliomas display have different molecular markers in children and in adults, so researchers are unsure if both of these are from the same neoplasm.
OGs are located largely in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere (80 to 90 percent supratentorial), most frequently in the frontal lobes, however involvement of the temporal and parietal lobes is not uncommon.
The tumour is predominantly located in the cortical-subcortical region, with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding white matter. OG has also been identified as intraventricular or subependymal, albeit this is uncommon.
In 1929, oligodendroglioma was named the same because when Bailey and Bucy viewed these cells under the microscope, and observed their close resemblance to oligodendrocytes. However, evidence suggesting they originate from adult oligodendrocytes is inconclusive.
Tumors appear to originate from neuroprogenitor cells with glial precursors that differentiate into oligodendroglial-type cells lacking the myelinating capacity of oligodendrocytes. The shared driver isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation between diverse diffuse glioma subtypes further supports this notion.
Low-grade Oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q deletion and IDHmt present a better prognosis than astrocytomas lacking these genetic markers. The median survival duration for OGs is 10 to 12 years. Tumors can be progression-free for 51%-83% of patients for 5 years.
Younger patients, which don’t have additional comorbidities, and had most of the tumor removed during surgery fare better. With higher-grade anaplastic OG, overall and 5-year survival rates decrease, with a median survival time of 3.5 years for WHO Grade III tumours.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559184/
medtigo
Oligodendroglioma
Updated :
June 10, 2022
Oligodendroglioma (OG) is a form of diffusely infiltrating glioma that accounts for about 5% of primary intracranial tumours. They frequently affect the cortical grey matter and are particularly prevalent in the frontal lobes. Historically, the tumor’s histological appearance determined the diagnosis of OG.
In 2016, the classification criteria for CNS malignancies was modified to include phenotypic and genotypic investigations. In general, OGs are low-grade neoplasms with a positive treatment response compared to other gliomas.
Their growth is comparatively slow. Grade III anaplastic OG is a malignant type of the tumour that portends a poorer prognosis and may arise de novo or as a degeneration of a lower grade OG.
Following glioblastoma and diffuse astrocytoma, OGs are the third most frequent primary brain tumour, with a frequency of 0.2 per 100,000 people. OGs account for roughly 5% of primary CNS tumours.
One study found a male-to-female ratio as low as 0.92, indicating a minor male predominance ranging from 1.1 to 2 males for every female. OGs have a modest bimodal distribution, but are primarily adult neoplasms with an incidence peak in the 30s and 40s and a smaller incidence peak in children aged 6 to 12 years.
Oligendrogliomas display have different molecular markers in children and in adults, so researchers are unsure if both of these are from the same neoplasm.
OGs are located largely in the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere (80 to 90 percent supratentorial), most frequently in the frontal lobes, however involvement of the temporal and parietal lobes is not uncommon.
The tumour is predominantly located in the cortical-subcortical region, with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding white matter. OG has also been identified as intraventricular or subependymal, albeit this is uncommon.
In 1929, oligodendroglioma was named the same because when Bailey and Bucy viewed these cells under the microscope, and observed their close resemblance to oligodendrocytes. However, evidence suggesting they originate from adult oligodendrocytes is inconclusive.
Tumors appear to originate from neuroprogenitor cells with glial precursors that differentiate into oligodendroglial-type cells lacking the myelinating capacity of oligodendrocytes. The shared driver isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation between diverse diffuse glioma subtypes further supports this notion.
Low-grade Oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q deletion and IDHmt present a better prognosis than astrocytomas lacking these genetic markers. The median survival duration for OGs is 10 to 12 years. Tumors can be progression-free for 51%-83% of patients for 5 years.
Younger patients, which don’t have additional comorbidities, and had most of the tumor removed during surgery fare better. With higher-grade anaplastic OG, overall and 5-year survival rates decrease, with a median survival time of 3.5 years for WHO Grade III tumours.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559184/
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