Opioid Dependence

Updated: July 1, 2024

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Background

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Etiology

Genetics

Prognostic Factors

Clinical History

Physical Examination

Age group

Associated comorbidity

Associated activity

Acuity of presentation

Differential Diagnoses

Laboratory Studies

Imaging Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

Staging

Treatment Paradigm

by Stage

by Modality

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgical Interventions

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Hyperthermia

Photodynamic Therapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Targeted Therapy

Palliative Care

Medication

 

buprenorphine and naloxone 

INDUCTION-Heroin and Other Short-Acting Opioid Dependent Individuals::


buprenorphine sublingual
Day 1: 4mg sublingual initially
If withdrawal symptoms do not subside after two hours, try again. Do not exceed 8 mg
Day 2:
Without withdrawal symptoms-4mg sublingual initially with withdrawal symptoms-Increase, the dose by 4mg
Administer 4mg if symptoms are not relieved for more than 2 hours. Do not exceed 16mg sublingually

buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone)
Caution: Only individuals who are dependent on short-acting opioids (such as heroin) and not those who are addicted to long-acting opioids are eligible for buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) induction (e.g., methadone)
Day 1: 4mg/1mg sublingual or 2mg/0.5mg sublingual initially
Under supervision, one may titrate higher in 2-4 mg increments every two hours; the maximum dose is 8 mg/2 mg
Day 2: single daily dose up to 16mg/4mg sublingually

buprenorphine/naloxone (Zubsolv)
Caution: Only individuals who are dependent on short-acting opioids (such as heroin) and not those who are addicted to long-acting opioids are eligible for buprenorphine/naloxone (zubsolv) induction (e.g., methadone)
Day 1: 5.7mg/1.4mg sublingually in divided doses. Initiate with 1.4mg/0.36mg sublingually. Give the remaining dose from Day 1 of up. to 4.2 mg/1.08 mg in doses of 1 to 2 tablets of 1.4 mg/0.36 mg spaced 1.5 to 2 hours apart
Day 2: 8.4mg/1.4mg buccally as a single dose

MAINTENANCE
Suboxone
Target dose: 12-16mg/4mg buprenorphine/naloxone sublingually as a single dose
Range: 16-24mg buprenorphine. Do not exceed 32mg/day
Adjust buprenorphine/naloxone dosage gradually in increments or decreases of 2 mg/0.5 mg or 4 mg/1 mg to a level that keeps the patient in treatment and reduces the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal

Bunavail
Target dose: 8.4mg/1.4mg as a single dose
Range: 2.1/0.3mg to 12.6/2.1mg
Adjust the dosage gradually in 2.1/0.3 mg increments or decrements to a level that keeps the patient in treatment and reduces the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal

Zubsolv
Target dose: 11.4mg/2.9mg as a single dose
Range: 2.9/0.71mg to 17.2/4.2mg
Adjust the dosage gradually in 1.4/0.36 mg or 2.9/0.71mg increments or decrements to a level that keeps the patient in treatment and reduces the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal

Cassipa
Once buprenorphine has been introduced and stabilised at a dosage of 16 mg, start taking 16 mg/4 mg sublingually once a day
Maximum dose: 16mg/4mg per day



Dose Adjustments

Hepatic impairment
Severe-Avoid usage
Moderate-Not appropriate use
Mild-No dosage adjustment needed

Renal impairment
Following IV injection of 0.3 mg of buprenorphine, there were no variations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug between the nine dialysis-dependent patients and the six healthy individuals

buprenorphine subdermal implant 

Four buprenorphine HCl implants each containing 80 mg of the drug are implanted in the upper arm for a six-month treatment period and they are extracted at the end of the sixth month
Dosage Considerations Intended only for individuals who have developed a tolerance to opioids



naltrexone 

For oral: take 25 mg initially, then observe for one hour, then 50 mg one time a day starting on second day
For Intramuscular: administer 380 mg in gluteal muscle each four weeks for maintenance of abstinence



levacetylmethadol 

The recommended dose is 20 and 40 mg taken orally
Maintenance dose: 60 to 90mg is taken every 3 times in a week



 
 

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Opioid Dependence

Updated : July 1, 2024

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