Overdose

Updated: July 26, 2024

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Background

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Etiology

Genetics

Prognostic Factors

Clinical History

Physical Examination

Age group

Associated comorbidity

Associated activity

Acuity of presentation

Differential Diagnoses

Laboratory Studies

Imaging Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

Staging

Treatment Paradigm

by Stage

by Modality

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgical Interventions

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Hyperthermia

Photodynamic Therapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Targeted Therapy

Palliative Care

Medication

 

cyclopentolate 

Management of Overdose   :

Eye: Wash your eyes with water 

Consumption: Lavage and emesis 

ADRs with severe systemic effects: Physostigmine 



activated charcoal 

1g/kg,25-100g orally

Multiple-dose regimen:
25g orally every 2 hours or 50g orally every 4 hours without sorbitol



ipecac syrup 

Not recommended for poisoning now
Presently, the medication of choice is activated charcoal
15-30 ml orally once
Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
Gastric lavage should be performed if vomiting doesn’t occur 30-45 minutes later the second dose
Intake of the syrup with 3-4 glasses of water



calcium chloride 

Indicated for overdose of calcium Channel Blocker
1-2 gm infused intravenously for 10-20 minutes
Repeat every 20 minutes as required for upto 5 doses



calcium chloride 

Indicated for an overdose of Beta-blocker
1000 mg bolus intravenously through a central line



nalmefene intranasal 

Indicated for Opioid overdose:


As soon as possible, administer one spray (2.7 mg) intranasally into the nose.
If the patient does not respond or respiratory depression recurs after an initial reaction, provide extra doses using a fresh nasal spray.
Administer again in 2-5 minutes if necessary until medical help arrives.



Dose Adjustments

Dosage adjustment of partial agonist or a mixed agonist/antagonist
Partial agonists or mixed agonist/antagonist drugs (such as buprenorphine or pentazocine) may only partially reverse respiratory depression, necessitating repeated intranasal administration of nalmefene.

iopronic acid 

Not recommended for poisoning now

Presently, the medication of choice is activated charcoal
15-30 ml orally once

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes

Gastric lavage should be performed if vomiting doesn’t occur 30-45 minutes later the second dose

Intake of the syrup with 3-4 glasses of water



levocarnitine 

Indicated for valproic acid overdose
:

Starting dose of 100 mg/kg IV (not to exceed 6 g per dose) should be administered once

Additional doses of 15 mg/kg IV may be given every 4 hours, with a 30-minute infusion time



 

cyclopentolate 

Management of Overdose   :



Eye: Wash your eyes with water 

Consumption: Lavage and emesis 

ADRs with severe systemic effects: Physostigmine 



activated charcoal 

Indicated for poisoning:


Aqueous solution
Infants- 1g/kg/dose orally. Repeat every 4-6hours
Children- 1g/kg/dose orally. Repeat every 4-6hours
Adults- 50-100gdose orally. Repeat every 4-6hours

Sorbitol suspension
Infants and children-Not indicated
Adults-50g orally as a single dose



ipecac syrup 

Not recommended for childhood poisoning now
Presently, the medication of choice is activated charcoal
For 6-12 months- 5-10 ml once with half or one cup of water under medical supervision
For 1-12 years- 15 ml orally once with 1-2 glasses of water
Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
For more than 12 years- 15-30 ml orally once with 3-4 glasses of water
Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
Gastric lavage should be performed if vomiting doesn’t occur 30-45 minutes later the second dose
Intake of the syrup with 3-4 glasses of water



nalmefene intranasal 

Indicated for Opioid overdose:

<12 years: Safety and efficacy not established
>12 years:
As soon as possible, administer one spray (2.7 mg) intranasally into the nose.
If the patient does not respond or respiratory depression returns after an initial reaction, provide extra doses using a fresh nasal spray.
Administer again in 2-5 minutes if necessary until medical help arrives.



Dose Adjustments

Dosage adjustment of partial agonist or a mixed agonist/antagonist
Partial agonists or mixed agonist/antagonist drugs (such as buprenorphine or pentazocine) may only partially reverse respiratory depression, necessitating repeated intranasal administration of nalmefene.

ipecac syrup 

Not recommended for childhood poisoning now

Presently, the medication of choice is activated charcoal

For 6-12 months- 5-10 ml once with half or one cup of water under medical supervision

For 1-12 years- 15 ml orally once with 1-2 glasses of water

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
For more than 12 years- 15-30 ml orally once with 3-4 glasses of water

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
Gastric lavage should be performed if vomiting doesn’t occur 30-45 minutes later the second dose

Intake of the syrup with 3-4 glasses of water



ipecac syrup 

Not recommended for childhood poisoning now

Presently, the medication of choice is activated charcoal

For 6-12 months- 5-10 ml once with half or one cup of water under medical supervision

For 1-12 years- 15 ml orally once with 1-2 glasses of water

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
For more than 12 years- 15-30 ml orally once with 3-4 glasses of water

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
Gastric lavage should be performed if vomiting doesn’t occur 30-45 minutes later the second dose

Intake of the syrup with 3-4 glasses of water



ipecac syrup 

Not recommended for childhood poisoning now

Presently, the medication of choice is activated charcoal

For 6-12 months- 5-10 ml once with half or one cup of water under medical supervision

For 1-12 years- 15 ml orally once with 1-2 glasses of water

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
For more than 12 years- 15-30 ml orally once with 3-4 glasses of water

Repeat with 15 ml once again if emesis doesn’t occur within 20-30 minutes
Gastric lavage should be performed if vomiting doesn’t occur 30-45 minutes later the second dose

Intake of the syrup with 3-4 glasses of water



leucovorin 

Indicated for methotrexate poisoning
:

Give as soon as necessary and within 24 hours if methotrexate level is >10-6 M or 48-hour level is >9 x 10-7 M, leucovorin dose should be raised to 100 mg/m2 intravenous every three hours until methotrexate level is below 10-8 M
High Dose of Methotrexate Rescue
10 mg/m2 Intravenous 4 times a day for 10 doses; begins 24 hours following the methotrexate injection

May give orally after 1st intravenous dose



Dose Adjustments

urinary alkalinization of Hydration (3 litres per day) with Na2CO3 solution should be used concomitantly; the dosage of the bicarbonate solution should be adjusted to the urine's pH at 7.0 or higher

 

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Overdose

Updated : July 26, 2024

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