According to the IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) the pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience associated with tissue damage. Many terms including central pain, hyperpathia, dysesthesia, analgesia, allodynia, hypoalgesia, anesthesia dolorosa, and causalgia are covered by this definition. The various sensory experiences connected to nerve function and the complex neurological mechanisms underlying pain perception are exemplified by these concepts.Â
Current knowledge of pain mechanismsÂ
Pain neurophysiology encompasses the study of both central and peripheral mechanisms of pain. Clinicians dealing with orofacial pain must appreciate the substantial plasticity present in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Pain modulation occurs at multiple levels along nociceptive pathway with various peripheral and central mechanisms influencing pronociceptive and antinociceptive activity. Effective pain management involves addressing peripheral pathology that employing interventions to reduce synaptic nerve transmission thereby utilizing neurotransmitters and endogenous pain-relieving substances by managing automatic nervous system activity and considering potential central structural changes related to pain transmission.Â
Differences between acute and chronic painÂ
Pain management can be acute and chronic pain neurophysiology where chronic pain can cause changes in nervous system that complicate interventions and affect pain perception. Effective pain management should also consider emotional state and stress levels.Â
Procedural painÂ
Acute pain can occur during dental procedures like anesthetic injections, periodontal work, restorative treatments, implant placements, and extractions of tooth. Effective management involves using careful injection techniques, volatile agents, needle sizes, and anesthetics along with patient care strategies.Â
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Topical anesthetics
Topical anesthetics for pain control are commonly available but can be risky due to systemic effects. The best anesthetics are gels or paste ointments with lidocaine or benzocaine which induce surface tissue numbness in less than 3 minutes. Techniques to eliminate needle stick pain include activating the syringe plunger, pinching the lip/cheek region, and stretching the tissue. Recent developments in injection technology include tiny vibrators and Artiste Assisted Injection System which help to slow the drug administration by avoiding nerve and medial pterygoid issues.Â
Local anesthetics
Local anesthetic effectiveness helps in reducing pain during procedures depends on factors like bone density, tissue acidity, nerve architecture, patient stress, and injection precision. Mandibular nerve blocks have lower success rates than maxillary blocks that necessitatingadditional anesthetic coverage. Injection techniques and articaine an amide with a thiophene ring with potential pain relievers.Â
Behavioral management
Dental anxiety is influenced by past pain experiences that can be reduced by behavioral strategies like a warm, acupuncture, nontraumatic environment, biofeedback, distraction, desensitization, and relaxation training. However, limited clinical trials support these strategies and a study found immersive VR distraction technique to significantly reduce pain intensity in children.Â
Post procedural pain management
Persistent pain after dental extractions or periodontal procedures can be caused by atypical or neuropathic pain, infections, or undiagnosed conditions. Antibiotics are needed for infections but a pain specialist is needed for persistent pain. Dentists use non-invasive techniques, multimodal medication therapy, and psychological support for PFPUE. Treatment options include resin application or desensitization agents.Â
Chronic post procedural pain
Persistent discomfort after dental extraction or periodontal operation causes atypical or neuropathic pain, infections, or unknown illnesses. Antibiotics are needed for infections, but a pain clinic is needed for persistent pain. Dentists use non-invasive techniques, multimodal medication therapy, and behavioral/cognitive intervention.Â
According to the IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) the pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience associated with tissue damage. Many terms including central pain, hyperpathia, dysesthesia, analgesia, allodynia, hypoalgesia, anesthesia dolorosa, and causalgia are covered by this definition. The various sensory experiences connected to nerve function and the complex neurological mechanisms underlying pain perception are exemplified by these concepts.Â
Current knowledge of pain mechanismsÂ
Pain neurophysiology encompasses the study of both central and peripheral mechanisms of pain. Clinicians dealing with orofacial pain must appreciate the substantial plasticity present in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Pain modulation occurs at multiple levels along nociceptive pathway with various peripheral and central mechanisms influencing pronociceptive and antinociceptive activity. Effective pain management involves addressing peripheral pathology that employing interventions to reduce synaptic nerve transmission thereby utilizing neurotransmitters and endogenous pain-relieving substances by managing automatic nervous system activity and considering potential central structural changes related to pain transmission.Â
Differences between acute and chronic painÂ
Pain management can be acute and chronic pain neurophysiology where chronic pain can cause changes in nervous system that complicate interventions and affect pain perception. Effective pain management should also consider emotional state and stress levels.Â
Procedural painÂ
Acute pain can occur during dental procedures like anesthetic injections, periodontal work, restorative treatments, implant placements, and extractions of tooth. Effective management involves using careful injection techniques, volatile agents, needle sizes, and anesthetics along with patient care strategies.Â
Topical anesthetics for pain control are commonly available but can be risky due to systemic effects. The best anesthetics are gels or paste ointments with lidocaine or benzocaine which induce surface tissue numbness in less than 3 minutes. Techniques to eliminate needle stick pain include activating the syringe plunger, pinching the lip/cheek region, and stretching the tissue. Recent developments in injection technology include tiny vibrators and Artiste Assisted Injection System which help to slow the drug administration by avoiding nerve and medial pterygoid issues.Â
Local anesthetic effectiveness helps in reducing pain during procedures depends on factors like bone density, tissue acidity, nerve architecture, patient stress, and injection precision. Mandibular nerve blocks have lower success rates than maxillary blocks that necessitatingadditional anesthetic coverage. Injection techniques and articaine an amide with a thiophene ring with potential pain relievers.Â
Dental anxiety is influenced by past pain experiences that can be reduced by behavioral strategies like a warm, acupuncture, nontraumatic environment, biofeedback, distraction, desensitization, and relaxation training. However, limited clinical trials support these strategies and a study found immersive VR distraction technique to significantly reduce pain intensity in children.Â
Persistent pain after dental extractions or periodontal procedures can be caused by atypical or neuropathic pain, infections, or undiagnosed conditions. Antibiotics are needed for infections but a pain specialist is needed for persistent pain. Dentists use non-invasive techniques, multimodal medication therapy, and psychological support for PFPUE. Treatment options include resin application or desensitization agents.Â
Persistent discomfort after dental extraction or periodontal operation causes atypical or neuropathic pain, infections, or unknown illnesses. Antibiotics are needed for infections, but a pain clinic is needed for persistent pain. Dentists use non-invasive techniques, multimodal medication therapy, and behavioral/cognitive intervention.Â
According to the IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) the pain is an unpleasant emotional and sensory experience associated with tissue damage. Many terms including central pain, hyperpathia, dysesthesia, analgesia, allodynia, hypoalgesia, anesthesia dolorosa, and causalgia are covered by this definition. The various sensory experiences connected to nerve function and the complex neurological mechanisms underlying pain perception are exemplified by these concepts.Â
Current knowledge of pain mechanismsÂ
Pain neurophysiology encompasses the study of both central and peripheral mechanisms of pain. Clinicians dealing with orofacial pain must appreciate the substantial plasticity present in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Pain modulation occurs at multiple levels along nociceptive pathway with various peripheral and central mechanisms influencing pronociceptive and antinociceptive activity. Effective pain management involves addressing peripheral pathology that employing interventions to reduce synaptic nerve transmission thereby utilizing neurotransmitters and endogenous pain-relieving substances by managing automatic nervous system activity and considering potential central structural changes related to pain transmission.Â
Differences between acute and chronic painÂ
Pain management can be acute and chronic pain neurophysiology where chronic pain can cause changes in nervous system that complicate interventions and affect pain perception. Effective pain management should also consider emotional state and stress levels.Â
Procedural painÂ
Acute pain can occur during dental procedures like anesthetic injections, periodontal work, restorative treatments, implant placements, and extractions of tooth. Effective management involves using careful injection techniques, volatile agents, needle sizes, and anesthetics along with patient care strategies.Â
Topical anesthetics for pain control are commonly available but can be risky due to systemic effects. The best anesthetics are gels or paste ointments with lidocaine or benzocaine which induce surface tissue numbness in less than 3 minutes. Techniques to eliminate needle stick pain include activating the syringe plunger, pinching the lip/cheek region, and stretching the tissue. Recent developments in injection technology include tiny vibrators and Artiste Assisted Injection System which help to slow the drug administration by avoiding nerve and medial pterygoid issues.Â
Local anesthetic effectiveness helps in reducing pain during procedures depends on factors like bone density, tissue acidity, nerve architecture, patient stress, and injection precision. Mandibular nerve blocks have lower success rates than maxillary blocks that necessitatingadditional anesthetic coverage. Injection techniques and articaine an amide with a thiophene ring with potential pain relievers.Â
Dental anxiety is influenced by past pain experiences that can be reduced by behavioral strategies like a warm, acupuncture, nontraumatic environment, biofeedback, distraction, desensitization, and relaxation training. However, limited clinical trials support these strategies and a study found immersive VR distraction technique to significantly reduce pain intensity in children.Â
Persistent pain after dental extractions or periodontal procedures can be caused by atypical or neuropathic pain, infections, or undiagnosed conditions. Antibiotics are needed for infections but a pain specialist is needed for persistent pain. Dentists use non-invasive techniques, multimodal medication therapy, and psychological support for PFPUE. Treatment options include resin application or desensitization agents.Â
Persistent discomfort after dental extraction or periodontal operation causes atypical or neuropathic pain, infections, or unknown illnesses. Antibiotics are needed for infections, but a pain clinic is needed for persistent pain. Dentists use non-invasive techniques, multimodal medication therapy, and behavioral/cognitive intervention.Â
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